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Abū Ḥanīfah may Allah have mercy on him:
أبو حَنِيفة رحمه الله:

The first of them is Abū Ḥanīfah Nuʿmān b. Thābit, whose companions have narrated from him various sayings and diverse warnings, all of them leading to one thing: the obligation to accept the Ḥadīth, and to give up following the opinions of the imaams which contradict it:
فأولهم الإمام أبو حنيفة النعمان بن ثابت رحمه الله، وقد روى عنه أصحابه أقوالاً شتى، وعبارات متنوعة؛ كلها تؤدي إلى شيء واحد وهو: وجوب الأخذ بالحديث، وترك تقليد آراء الأئمة المخالفة له:

1. “When a ḥadīth is found to be ṣaḥīḥ, then that is my maḏhab.”
1- " إذا صح الحديث؛ فهو مذهبي ".

2. “It is not permitted for anyone to accept our views if they do not know from where we got them.”
2- " لا يحل لأحد أن يأخذ بقولنا؛ ما لم يعلم من أين أخذناه ".

In one narration, “It is prohibited for someone who does not know my evidence to give verdicts on the basis of my words.”
وفي رواية: " حرام على مَن لم يعرف دليلي أن يُفتي بكلامي ".

Muḥammad Nāṣir ʾl-Dīn al-Albānī, Aṣl Ṣifah Ṣalāh al-Nabī ṢallAllāhu ʿAlayhi Wa Sallam 1/23 #1
محمد ناصر الدين الألباني، أصل صفة صلاة النبي ١/٢٣ #١
https://shamela.ws/book/9875/22

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
ʿUbayd Allah b. Shumayṭ reported that his father said:
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: أُخْبِرْتُ عَنْ سَيَّارٍ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ شُمَيْطٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ:

“Allah the Mighty and Majestic made the quwwah al-muʿmin (ie: strength of the believer) in their heart,
«إِنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ جَعَلَ قُوَّةَ الْمُؤْمِنِ فِي قَلْبِهِ،

And he did not make it in his limbs.
وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْهَا فِي أَعْضَائِهِ،

Do you not see that a Shaykh (ie: old man) who is ḍaʿīf (ie: weak) fasts the hot days and stands in the night (for prayer),
أَلَا تَرَوْنَ أَنَّ الشَّيْخَ يَكُونُ ضَعِيفًا يَصُومُ الْهَوَاجِرَ وَيَقُومُ اللَّيْلَ،

While the young man is unable to do that?”
وَالشَّابُّ يَعْجِزُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ؟»

Abū Nuʿaym al-ʾAṣbahānī, Ḥilyah al-Awliyāʾ 3/130
أبو نعيم الأصبهاني، حلية الأولياء وطبقات الأصفياء ٣/١٣٠
https://shamela.ws/book/10495/3870

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
Firstly: Life insurance is a kind of commercial insurance, which is ḥarām,
ج: أولا: التأمين على الحياة من التأمين التجاري، وهو محرم؛

because it involves al-jahālah (ie: uncertainty) wa ʿl-ġarar (ie: risk associated with gambling),
لما فيه من الجهالة والغرر،

and consuming al-māl (ie: wealth) unlawfully.
وأكل المال بالباطل.

It is not permissible to work in commercial insurance companies, because this is a kind of cooperating in sin, which Allah has forbidden,
والعمل في هذه الشركة لا يجوز؛ لأنه من التعاون على الإثم، وقد نهى الله عن ذلك

as He says: {Help you one another in al-birr wa ʿl-taqwá (virtue, righteousness and piety); but do not help one another in sin and transgression} [5:2]
بقوله سبحانه: {وَتَعَاوَنُوا عَلَى الْبِرِّ وَالتَّقْوَى وَلَا تَعَاوَنُوا عَلَى الْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ}

Secondly: There is nothing wrong with your keeping the money that you earned from working in that company before you came to know that it is ḥarām,
ثانيا: الأجور والأموال التي اكتسبتها من العمل في تلك الشركة قبل علمك بالتحريم لا بأس من الانتفاع بها؛

Because Allah says: {So whosoever receives an admonition from his Lord and stops eating Ribā, shall not be punished for the past; his case is for Allah (to judge)} [2:275]
لقوله تعالى: {فَمَنْ جَاءَهُ مَوْعِظَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِ فَانْتَهَى فَلَهُ مَا سَلَفَ وَأَمْرُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ}

And success is with Allah,
وبالله التوفيق،

may Allah raise the rank and grant peace to our Prophet Muḥammad and his Companions.
وصلى الله على نبينا محمد وآله وصحبه وسلم.

al-Lajnah ʾl-Dāʾimah, Fatāwá al-Lajnah al-Dāʾimah - 1 15/8
اللجنة الدائمة للبحوث العلمية والإفتاء، فتاوى اللجنة الدائمة - 1 ١٥/٨
https://shamela.ws/book/8381/10840

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
Abū Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger ﷺ said: O people, Allah is Ṭayyib (ie: Good) and He, therefore, accepts only that which is ṭayyib (ie: good).
«أيها الناس إن الله طيب لا يقبل إلا طيبا

And Allah commanded the believers as He commanded the Messengers by saying, {O Messengers, eat of the good things, and do good deeds; verily I am aware of what you do} [23:51]
وإن الله أمر المؤمنين بما أمر به المرسلين فقال: {يَا أَيُّهَا الرُّسُلُ كُلُوا مِنَ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَاعْمَلُوا صَالِحاً إِنِّي بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ عَلِيمٌ}

and He said: {O those who believe, eat of the good things that We gave you} [2:172]
وقال: {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُلُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ}.

(The Prophet ﷺ then) made mention of a person who travels widely, his hair dishevelled, and covered with dust.
ثم ذكر الرجل يطيل السفر أشعث أغبر

He lifts his hands and makes supplication, “O Lord, O Lord”
يمد يديه إلى السماء: يا رب يا رب!

but his diet (and food) is ḥarām (ie: unlawful),
ومطعمه حرام

his drink is ḥarām,
ومشربه حرام

and his clothes are ḥarām,
وملبسه حرام

and his nourishment (survival) is ḥarām.
وغذي بالحرام

How then can his supplication be accepted?
فأنى يستجاب لذلك».

(حسن).[حم م ت] عن أبي هريرة. الصحيحة 1136: الدارمي.

Muḥammad Nāṣir ʾl-Dīn al-Albānī, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Jāmiʿ al-Ṣaġīr 1/532 #2744
محمد ناصر الدين الألباني، صحيح الجامع الصغير وزيادته ١/٥٣٢ #٢٧٤٤
https://shamela.ws/book/10757/470

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
Indeed, all the fuqahāʾ (ie: jurists) whose opinions are followed were opposed to al-taqlīd (ie: blind-following),
أن الفقهاء الذين قلدوا مبطلون للتقليد

And they forbade their companions from following their opinion blindly.
وأنهم قد نهوا أصحابهم عن تقليدهم

The sternest among them in this regard was al-Shāfīʿī (may Allah have mercy on him),
وكان أشدهم في ذلك الشافعي

For he repeatedly emphasised, more than anyone else, following the authentic narrations and accepting whatever the proof dictated;
فإنه رحمه الله بلغ من التأكيد في اتباع صحاح الآثار والأخذ بما أوجبته الحجة حيث لم يبلغ غيره

He also made himself innocent of being (blind) followed totally,
وتبرأ من يقلد جملة

And announced this to those around him.
وأعلن بذلك

May this benefit him in front of Allah,
نفعه الله به

And may his reward be of the highest, for he was the cause of great good.
وأعظم أجره فلقد كان سببا إلى خير كثير

Ibn Ḥazm, al-Iḥkām fī Uṣūl ʾl-Aḥkām 6/118
ابن حزم، الإحكام في أصول الأحكام ٦/١١٨
https://shamela.ws/book/10432/996

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
Do you not see the (case of) the daughter of Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib may Allah be pleased with her?
أَلَا تَرَى إلَى بِنْتِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا -

When her husband (ie: Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib's son-in-law) entered, and he was one of her father's students.
لَمَّا أَنْ دَخَلَ بِهَا زَوْجُهَا وَكَانَ مِنْ أَحَدِ طَلَبَةِ وَالِدِهَا

(He spent the wedding night with her), in the morning he took his cloak wanting to leave (their home).
فَلَمَّا أَنْ أَصْبَحَ أَخَذَ رِدَاءَهُ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ

She asked her husband: “Where do you wish to go?”
فَقَالَتْ لَهُ زَوْجَتُهُ: إلَى أَيْنَ تُرِيدُ

He replied: “To the majlis (ie: class) of Saʿīd (b. Jubayr) to seek knowledge (from him).”
فَقَالَ: إلَى مَجْلِسِ سَعِيدٍ أَتَعَلَّمُ الْعِلْمَ

She said to him: “Sit down, and I will teach you the knowledge of Saʿīd (myself).”
فَقَالَتْ: لَهُ اجْلِسْ أُعَلِّمُكَ عِلْمَ سَعِيدٍ.

Ibn al-Ḥāj, al-Madkhal 1/215
ابن الحاج، المدخل ١/٢١٥
https://shamela.ws/book/11406/210

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
The fatwá of the greatest (scholar) contradicting al-dalīl (ie: the evidence) has no value for me,
فتوى أكبر واحد عندي تُخالف الدليل لا قيمة لها،

While the fatwá of the smallest (or youngest) of you supported by dalīl, I place it on my head.
وفتوى أصغر واحد منكم ومعه دليل على العين وعلى الرأس،

So do not try to frighten me with the fatwá of so-and-so (scholar).
حتى لا تُخوِِّفوني بفتوى فلان أو فلان

Muqbil b. Hādī al-Wādiʿī, Ġaratu ʿl-Ashriṭah 1/43
مقبل بن هادي الوادعي، غارة الأشرطة ١/٤٣
https://archive.org/details/warisansalafcom_gmail_2/غارة%20الأشرطة%20على%20أهل%20الجهل%20والسفسطة%201/page/n43

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
Q3: “What is the ruling on Sujūd al-Tilāwah (Prostration of Recitation)? Should taslīm (salutation of peace ending the Prayer) be made when Sujūd al-Tilāwah is performed during recitation of the Qurʾān outside Ṣalāh (Prayer)? What is the duʿāʾ (ie: supplication) that should be said in Sujūd al-Tilāwah? If someone is offering Ṣalāh and one of Āyāt-ul-Sujūd (Qurʾānic verses of Prostration) is recited at the end of the Sūrah (Qurʾānic chapter), should they start to recite the next Sūrah after rising up from Sujūd (prostration) or just proceed directly to Rukuʿ (bowing)?”
س3: ما حكم سجدة التلاوة، وهل لها تسليم أم لا، إذا كان المرء تاليا وليس مصليا، وما دعاؤها، وهل إذا كان المرء مصليا وكانت سجدة التلاوة في نهاية السورة هل عليه بعد السجدة أن يقرأ ما تيسر من السورة التي بعدها أم يركع مباشرة؟

A3: Sujūd-ul-Tilāwah is an act of Sunnah. There is no naṣṣ (ie: Islāmic text from the Qurʾān or the Sunnah) to support that taslīm should be made after performing it; therefore, no taslīm should follow Sujūd. It is not obligatory for someone who offers Ṣalāh and performs Sujūd al-Tilāwah at the end of Sūrahs such as al-Aʿraf, al-Najm, and al-ʿAlaq, to recite more Qurʾān after rising from Sujūd al-Tilāwah and before bending for Rukuʿ; but there is nothing wrong if they do. The duʿāʾ that should be said is the same as that said in Sujūd during Ṣalāh.
ج3: سجدة التلاوة سنة، ولم يرد نص في السلام منها، فليس على من سجدها سلام منها، وليس على من سجد لتلاوة آية سجدة في آخر سورة كـ: (الأعراف) و (النجم) و (اقرأ) وهو في الصلاة أن يقرأ قرآنا بعدها وقبل الركوع، وإن قرأ فلا بأس، ويقول في سجوده للتلاوة ما يقوله في سجوده للصلاة.

May Allah grant us success. May peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muḥammad, his family, and Companions.
وبالله التوفيق وصلى الله على نبينا محمد وآله وصحبه وسلم.

al-Lajnah ʾl-Dāʾimah, Fatāwá al-Lajnah al-Dāʾimah - 1 7/262 #7900
اللجنة الدائمة للبحوث العلمية والإفتاء، فتاوى اللجنة الدائمة - 1 ٧/٢٦٢ #٧٩٠٠
https://shamela.ws/book/8381/5110

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
تَقَبَّلَ اللَّهُ مِنَّا وَمِنْكُمْ

Taqabbal Allāhu minnā wa minkum (may Allāh accept from us and you [our fasts and deeds]).
Salamah b. Saʿīd reported: A man asked al-Ḥasan (al-Baṣrī): “I have a daughter who received a proposal. Who should I marry her to?”
حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَائِشَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا سَلَمَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَجُلٌ لِلْحَسَنِ: إِنَّ عِنْدِي ابْنَةً لِي وَقَدْ خُطِبَتْ إِلَيَّ فَمَنْ أُزَوِّجُهَا؟

He replied: “Marry your daughter to one who fears Allah.
قَالَ: «زَوِّجْهَا مَنْ يَخَافُ اللَّهَ

If he loves her, he will honour her.
فَإِنْ أَحَبَّهَا أَكْرَمَهَا

If he hates her, he will not oppress her.”
وَإِنْ أَبْغَضَهَا لَمْ يَظْلِمْهَا»

Ibn Abī ʾl-Dunyā, al-Nafaqah ʿalá ʾl-ʿIyāl 1/273 #125
ابن أبي الدنيا، النفقة على العيال ١/٢٧٣ #١٢٥
https://shamela.ws/book/13075/126

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
As for what follows:
أما بعد:

This is an old speech has come from one of al-mubtadiʿah (ie: the innovators).
فهذا الكلام قديم من بعض المبتدعة؛

al-Ṣanʿānī mentioned in his book, Irshād al-Nuqqaad ilá Tayseer ʿl-Ijtihād,
فقد ذكر الصنعاني في كتابه؛ إرشاد النقاد إلى تيسير الإجتهاد؛

He mentioned that some people of bidʿah (ie: innovation in his time) say:
وذكر أن من المبتدعة من يقول:

“You prohibit from al-taqlīd (ie: blind-following) while you (yourself) blind-follow Yaḥyá b. Maʿīn,
أنتم تنهون عن التقليد وأنتم تقلدون يحيى بن معين

If Yaḥyá says a man is thiqqah (ie: reliable),
فإذا قال يحيى: في الرجل ثقه

Then you say he is thiqqah.
قلتم: ثقه،

And if al-Bukhārī says this ḥadīth is Ṣaḥīḥ (ie: authentic),
وإذا قال البخاري: حديث صحيح

Then you say it is Ṣaḥīḥ.
قلتم: صحيح،

In that case you are muqallidūn (ie: blind-followers)!”
فأنتم إذن مقلدون،

al-Ṣanʿānī responded in his great valuable book “Irshād al-Nuqqaad ilá Tayseer ʿl-Ijtihād”;
وأجاب الصنعاني في كتابه القيم العظيم؛ إرشاد النقاد إلى تيسير الإجتهاد؛

He answered: This does not come under the heading of al-taqlīd,
أجاب: أن هذا ليس من باب التقليد

This comes under the heading of qabūl khabar al-thiqqah (ie: accepting the accounts of reliable narrators).
وإنما هو من باب قبول خبر الثقة،

And Allah, The Glorious and Majestic, said in His honourable Book {O you who believe! If a rebellious evil person comes to you with a news, verify it lest you should harm people in ignorance, and afterwards you become regretful for what you have done} [49:6]
والله عزوجل يقول في كتابه الكريم: " يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِن جَاءَكُمْ فَاسِقٌ بِنَبَإٍ فَتَبَيَّنُوا أَن تُصِيبُوا قَوْمًا بِجَهَالَةٍ فَتُصْبِحُوا عَلَىٰ مَا فَعَلْتُمْ نَادِمِينَ " [الحجرات: 6]

Therefore this āyah, through inference, points to the fact when al-ʿadl (ie: an upright person) comes to us, we accept his account."
فهذه الآية تدل بمفهومها أنه إذا جاءنا العدل فإننا نقبل خبره.

Muqbil b. Hādī al-Wādiʿī / مقبل بن هادي الوادعي
http://muqbel.net/fatwa.php?fatwa_id=4858

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
It is not valid to sell that which is intended for ḥarām purposes, such as juice that will be used to make khamr (ie: wine), if that is known,
وَلَا يَصِحُّ بَيْعُ مَا قَصْدُهُ بِهِ الْحَرَامَ كَعَصِيرٍ يَتَّخِذُهُ خَمْرًا إذَا عَلِمَ ذَلِكَ

as is the view of (Imām) Aḥmad and others,
كَمَذْهَبِ أَحْمَدَ وَغَيْرِهِ،

or if it is thought most likely, as is one of the two opinions (of Aḥmad).
أَوْ ظَنَّ وَهُوَ أَحَدُ الْقَوْلَيْنِ يُؤَيِّدُهُ

This is supported by the fact that our companions said: “If the landlord thinks it most likely that the renter is renting the property for sinful purposes, such as selling al-khamr and the like,
أَنَّ الْأَصْحَابَ قَالُوا لَوْ ظَنَّ الْآجِرُ أَنَّ الْمُسْتَأْجِرَ يَسْتَأْجِرُ الدَّارَ لِمَعْصِيَةٍ كَبَيْعِ الْخَمْرِ وَنَحْوِهَا

then it is not permissible for him to rent that property to him,
لَمْ يَجُزْ لَهُ أَنْ يُؤَجِّرَهُ تِلْكَ الدَّارَ،

and the rental contract is not valid.”
وَلَمْ تَصِحَّ الْإِجَارَةُ،

Sales and rentals are the same.
وَالْبَيْعُ وَالْإِجَارَةُ سَوَاءٌ.

Ibn Taymiyyah, al-Fatāwá al-Kubrá 5/387
ابن تيمية، الفتاوى الكبرى ٥/٣٨٧
https://shamela.ws/book/9690/2292

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
All clothing which it is thought most likely will be used for maʿṣiyyah (ie: sinful purposes), it is not permissible to sell it or sew it for one who will use it for al-maʿṣiyyah wa ʿl-dhulm (ie: wrongdoing).

وكل لباس يغلب على الظن ان يستعان بلبسه على معصية فلا يجوز بيعه وخياطته لمن يستعين به على المعصية والظلم

Ibn Taymiyyah, Sharḥ ʿUmdah al-Fiqh 3/318
ابن تيمية، شرح عمدة الفقه ٣/٣١٨
https://news.1rj.ru/str/Goldenshamela/80

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger was from aḥsan al-nās khuluqā (ie: the best people in manners).
قَالَ أَنَسٌ - رضي الله عنه - قال كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مِنْ أَحْسَنِ النَّاسِ خُلُقًا

One day he sent me to do an errand for him.
فَأَرْسَلَنِي يَوْمًا لِحَاجَةٍ

I (ie: Anas, said to myself): “By Allah I will not go (and do it).”
فَقُلْتُ وَاللَّهِ لَا أَذْهَبُ

Even though I had within myself that I was going to go (do) what the Prophet ﷺ commanded me to do [ie: perhaps he had some whispering from the Shayṭān and thus had mixed feelings about it].
وَفِي نَفْسِي أَنْ أَذْهَبَ لِمَا أَمَرَنِي بِهِ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -

fa kharajtu ḥattá amurra ʿalá ʿl-ṣibyān (ie: so I set out to the direction of doing what I am supposed to do, and I came across some young boys),
فَخَرَجْتُ حَتَّى أَمُرَّ عَلَى الصِبْيَان

wa-hum yalʿabūna fī ʿl-sūq (ie: and they were playing in the marketplace).
وَهُمْ يَلْعَبُونَ فِي السُّوقِ

Then the Messenger ﷺ (who suddenly was behind me playfully) pulled (my shirt) from behind me.
فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَدْ قَبَضَ بِقَفَايَ مِنْ وَرَائِي

I looked at him and I saw him laughing.
قَالَ فَنَظَرْتُ إِلَيْهِ وَهُوَ يَضْحَكُ

He ﷺ said: “O Unays (ie: little Anas), have you gone off to where I told you to go?”
فَقَالَ يَا أُنَيْسُ أَذَهَبْتَ حَيْثُ أَمَرْتُكَ

I said: “Yes I am on my way right now O Messenger of Allah.”
قَالَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ أَنَا أَذْهَبُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ

Anas said: By Allah, I served him for nine years, and I do not know that he ever said to me about anything that I did (wrong): “Why did you do such-and-such?”
قَالَ أَنَسٌ وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ خَدَمْتُهُ تِسْعَ سِنِينَ مَا عَلِمْتُهُ قَالَ لِشَيْءٍ صَنَعْتُهُ لِمَ فَعَلْتَ كَذَا وَكَذَا

or about anything that I did not do (that I was supposed to): “Why did you not do such and such?”
أَوْ لِشَيْءٍ تَرَكْتُهُ هَلَّا فَعَلْتَ كَذَا وَكَذَا.

ʿAbd al-ʿAdhīm al-Munḏirī, Mukhtaṣar Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 2/419 #1582
عبد العظيم المنذري، مختصر صحيح مسلم ٢/٤١٩ #١٥٨٢
https://shamela.ws/book/17616/435

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
Issue: And it is obligatory on every mother,
مَسْأَلَةٌ: وَالْوَاجِبُ عَلَى كُلِّ وَالِدَةٍ -

Whether she is free or servant,
حُرَّةً كَانَتْ أَوْ أَمَةً -

In the care of a husband or possession of a master,
فِي عِصْمَةِ زَوْجٍ أَوْ فِي مِلْكِ سَيِّدٍ،

Or is not with either of them,
أَوْ كَانَتْ خُلُوًّا مِنْهُمَا -

Whether her child met the one whose water he came from or did not meet him,
لَحِقَ وَلَدُهَا بِاَلَّذِي تَوَلَّدَ مِنْ مَائِهِ أَوْ لَمْ يَلْحَقْ -:

That she breastfeeds her child, whether she wants to or does not want to,
أَنْ تُرْضِعَ وَلَدَهَا - أَحَبَّتْ أَمْ كَرِهَتْ،

Even if she is the daughter of al-khalīfah (ie: the Caliph),
وَلَوْ أَنَّهَا بِنْتُ الْخَلِيفَةِ -

And she is to be forced to do that, unless she is divorced.
وَتُجْبَرُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ إلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ مُطَلَّقَةً -.

If she is divorced then she is not to be forced to breastfeed her child from the one who divorced her unless she wants to herself,
فَإِنْ كَانَتْ مُطَلَّقَةً لَمْ تُجْبَرْ عَلَى إرْضَاعِ وَلَدِهَا مِنْ الَّذِي طَلَّقَهَا إلَّا أَنْ تَشَاءَ هِيَ ذَلِكَ،

Then she can do that, whether his father likes it or not,
فَلَهَا ذَلِكَ - أَحَبَّ أَبُوهُ أَمْ كَرِهَ،

And whether the one she married after him likes it or not.
أَحَبَّ الَّذِي تَزَوَّجَهَا بَعْدَهُ أَمْ كَرِهَ.

If it became difficult to please her and the father of the suckling child, the father is to be ordered to find another woman who can breastfeed his child, unless the child does not accept a breast other than hers, then she is to be forced to breastfeed him, whether she wants to or not,
فَإِنْ تَعَاسَرَتْ هِيَ وَأَبُو الرَّضِيعِ: أُمِرَ الْوَالِدُ بِأَنْ يَسْتَرْضِعَ لِوَلَدِهِ امْرَأَةً أُخْرَى وَلَا بُدَّ إلَّا أَنْ لَا يَقْبَلَ الْوَلَدُ غَيْرَ ثَدْيِهَا، فَتُجْبَرُ حِينَئِذٍ - أَحَبَّتْ أَمْ كَرِهَتْ،

And whether her husband likes it for her or not.
أَحَبَّ زَوْجُهَا إنْ كَانَ لَهَا أَمْ كَرِهَ -.

If the father of the child dies,
فَإِنْ مَاتَ أَبُو الرَّضِيعِ،

or goes bankrupt,
أَوْ أَفْلَسَ،

or goes absent in such a way that he cannot be got hold of, the mother is to be forced to breastfeed the child,
أَوْ غَابَ بِحَيْثُ لَا يُقْدَرُ عَلَيْهِ: أُجْبِرَتْ الْأُمُّ عَلَى إرْضَاعِهِ،

unless she does not have breast-milk,
إلَّا أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ لَهَا لَبَنٌ،

or has breastmilk which harms him,
أَوْ كَانَ لَهَا لَبَنٌ يُضِرُّ بِهِ:

Then another woman is to be found to breastfeed him,
فَإِنَّهُ يَسْتَرْضِعُ لَهُ غَيْرَهَا،

And the father is to be followed with that if he is alive and has wealth.
وَيُتْبَعُ الْأَبُ بِذَلِكَ إنْ كَانَ حَيًّا وَلَهُ مَالٌ.

Ibn Ḥazm, al-Muḥallá bi ʾl-Āthār 10/165
ابن حزم، المحلى بالآثار ١٠/١٦٥
https://shamela.ws/book/767/4420

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
And this daʿwah (of Tawḥīd) that appeared in Najd, Allah enabled it to be established in the lands and the people became receptive to it,
فإن هذه الدعوة التي ظهرت بنجد، ومكنها الله بالجزيرة، قد قبلها أناس،

As has reached us from al-Afġānistan, and al-Ṣūmālia,
كما بلغنا عن الأفغان، والصومال،

In each of those (lands) there was a ṭāʿifah (ie: group of people familiar with the daʿwah and were) apparent upon Tawḥīd.
أن في كل منهما طائفة تدين بالتوحيد، وتظهره

al-Durar al-Sanīyyah fī ʾl-Ajwibah al-Najdīyyah 9/254
الدرر السنية في الأجوبة النجدية ٩/٢٥٤
https://shamela.ws/book/3055/3978

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
Issue: If they (ie: the women), pray in jamāʿah (ie: as a congregation),
مَسْأَلَةٌ: فَإِنْ صَلَّيْنَ جَمَاعَةً،

And a woman among them leads them, then that is good,
وَأَمَّتْهُنَّ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْهُنَّ فَحَسَنٌ؛

Because no naṣṣ (ie: text) has come forbidding them from that,
لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَأْتِ نَصٌّ يَمْنَعُهُنَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ،

And they do not invalidate the prayer of each other,
وَلَا يَقْطَعُ بَعْضُهُنَّ صَلَاةَ بَعْضٍ؛

Because of the statement of Allah’s messenger ﷺ: “The best of the women’s rows are the last of them.”
لِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -: «خَيْرُ صُفُوفِ النِّسَاءِ آخِرُهَا».

Ibn Ḥazm, al-Muḥallá bi ʾl-Āthār 2/167 #319
ابن حزم، المحلى بالآثار ٢/١٦٧ #٣١٩
https://shamela.ws/book/767/570

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
And (ʿAlī) Ibn al-Madīnī said: “(As for) ʿAffān and Abū Nuʿaym, I do not accept their statements (of criticism) on al-rijāl (ie: narrators). They have not left anyone except that they warned against them.”

وَقَالَ ابْنُ المَدِيْنِيِّ: عَفَّانُ وَأَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، لاَ أَقْبَلُ قَوْلَهُمَا فِي الرِّجَالِ، لاَ يَدَعُوْنَ أَحَداً إِلاَّ وَقَعُوا فِيْهِ.

al-Ḏahabī, Siyar Aʿlām al-Nubalāʾ 10/250
الذهبي، سير أعلام النبلاء ١٠/٢٥٠
https://shamela.ws/book/10906/6735

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
al-Qāḍī mentioned that whoever is breastfed from a stupid woman, the child too will come out being an aḥmaq (ie: stupid).
وحكى القاضي، أن من ارتضع من امرأة حمقاء خرج الولد أحمق،

And whoever is breastfed from a woman with bad manners, it will pass onto him.
ومن ارتضع من سيئة الخلق تعدى إليه،

And whoever is breastfed from an animal, he will come out senseless, like an animal.
ومن ارتضع من بهيمة كان بليدا كالبهيمة.

ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Qāsim, Ḥāshiyyah al-Rawḍ 7/106
عبد الرحمن بن قاسم، حاشية الروض المربع ٧/١٠٦
https://shamela.ws/book/12216/3554

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
IlmTest
al-Qāḍī mentioned that whoever is breastfed from a stupid woman, the child too will come out being an aḥmaq (ie: stupid). وحكى القاضي، أن من ارتضع من امرأة حمقاء خرج الولد أحمق، And whoever is breastfed from a woman with bad manners, it will pass onto him.…
It is undesirable to breastfeed a child with the breastmilk of a stupid woman, so that the child does not become like her in stupidity.
وَيُكْرَهُ الِارْتِضَاعُ بِلَبَنِ الْحَمْقَاءِ، كَيْلًا يُشْبِهَهَا الْوَلَدُ فِي الْحُمْقِ،

It is said: “Breastfeeding changes personalities.”
فَإِنَّهُ يُقَالُ: إنَّ الرَّضَاعَ يُغَيِّرُ الطِّبَاعَ.

And Allah the Exalted knows best.
وَاَللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ.

Ibn al-Qūdāmah al-Maqdisī, al-Muġnī 8/194
ابن قدامة المقدسي، المغني ٨/١٩٤
https://shamela.ws/book/8463/3570

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
IlmTest
It is undesirable to breastfeed a child with the breastmilk of a stupid woman, so that the child does not become like her in stupidity. وَيُكْرَهُ الِارْتِضَاعُ بِلَبَنِ الْحَمْقَاءِ، كَيْلًا يُشْبِهَهَا الْوَلَدُ فِي الْحُمْقِ، It is said: “Breastfeeding…
However in these times we see that (many) mothers no longer breastfeed (their babies).
ولكن الآن، صارت الأمهات لا تُرضع،

Instead they feed them milk from cattle:
وإنما يُعطى الطفل من لبن البهائم

cow's milk,
لبن البقر

sheep's milk
ولبن الأغنام

or buffalo milk.
ولبن الجواميس،

There is no doubt that this is harmful to children.
فلا شك أن في هذا ضرراً على الأطفال،

Physicians state that the mother's breastmilk should not be exchanged or replaced with other types of milk.
والأطباء يقولون: لا عوض ولا بديل عن لبن الأم.

Ṣāliḥ b. Fawzān al-Fawzān, Tashīl al-Illmām 5/94
صالح الفوزان، تسهيل الإلمام ٥/٩٤
https://archive.org/details/ilm0005/page/n96

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]