❓How to conjugate a Persian verb in past perfect tense:

✅ Omit the suffix -an from the end of the infinitive to find the past stem:

For example:
koštan (= to kill) > košt
davidan (=to run) > david
paridan (=to jump) > parid

✅✅ Add the suffix -e to the past stem to construct the past participle:

košt + e > košte (=killed)
david + e > davide (=run)
parid + e > paride (=jumped)

✅✅✅ Choose the proper form of the auxiliary verb budan* (=to be) conjugated in the past simple tense and put it right after the past participle of the verb you want to conjugate;

* listed as following
Man (=I) > budam
To (=You) > budi
U (=He/She/It) > bud
Mâ (=We) > budim
Šomâ (=You) > budid
Ânhâ (=They) > budand

💠 Example:

Conjugate the verb xordan (=to eat) in the past perfect tense:

1⃣ xordan - an = xord (past stem)

2⃣ xord + e = xorde (past participle)

3⃣ xorde + budam = xorde budam (=I had eaten)
xorde + budi = xorde budi (=You had eaten)
xorde + bud = xorde bud (=He/She/It had eaten)
xorde + budim = xorde budim (=We had eaten)
xorde + budid = xorde budid (=You had eaten)
xorde + budand = xorde budand (=They had eaten)

🌀Persian subject pronouns "To" & "Šomâ" both mean ''you''; while To is used for singular and informal speech, Šomâ is for plural and/or formal usage.
#grammar

💠 میوه‌ها
✅ Fruits
#واژگان
#vocabulary

🔆 میوه /mive/
= fruit

🟡 موز /mowz/
= banana 🍌

🟠 پُرتِقال /porteqâl/
= orange 🍊

🟢خیار /xiyâr/
= cucumber 🥒

🔵 سیب /sib/
= apple 🍏

🟣 لیمو /limu/
= lemon 🍋

🟥 هِندَوانه؛ هِندونه /hendavâne; hendune/
= watermelon 🍉

🟧 گیلاس /gilâs/
= cherry 🍒

🟨 آناناس /ânânâs/
= pineapple 🍍

🟩 گُلابی /golâbi/
= pear 🍐

🟦 توت‌فَرَنگی /tutfarangi/
= strawberry 🍓

🟫 اَنگور /angur/
= grape 🍇

🔷 هلو /hulu/
= peach 🍑

❤️ آلبالو /âlbâlu/
= sour cherry 🍒

🧡 اَنبه /anbe/
= mango 🥭

💜 نارگیل /nârgil/
= coconut 🥥

💕 طالِبی /tâlebi/
= honeydew melon 🍈

💚 کیوی /kivi/
= kiwifruit 🥝

💛 نارَنگی /nârangi/
= tangerine 🍊

🤍 خُرما /xormâ/
= date 🌴

❣ خَربُزه /xarboze/
= Persian melon

💖 زَردآلو /zardâlu/
= apricot

🤎 خُرمالو /xormâlu/
= persimmon

💙 اَنجیر /anjir/
= fig

🔶 اَنار /anâr/
= pomegranate

In some words in Persian the letter ی is read as "ā":
موسی /Musā/
(Moses)
عیسی /Isā/
(Jesus)
حَتّی /hattā/
(even [as an adverb])
عَلی‌رَغمِ /alāraqm-e/
(despite; contrary to)

except =
جُز /joz/؛ به جُز /be joz/
not even; even =
حتّی /hattā/
but =
جُز /joz/؛ به جز /be joz/؛ امّا /ammā/؛ ولی /vali/
with =
با /bā/؛ هَمراهِ /hamrāh-e/

💠 Some verbs and their present stems:

1⃣ سابیدَن (sâbidan)
to rub
ساب (sâb)

2⃣ گِرِفتَن (gereftan)
to take; to get
گیر (gir)

3⃣ اَنداختَن (andâxtan)
to throw; to drop
اَنداز (andâz)

4⃣ هُل دادَن (hol dâdan)
to push
هُل دِه (*hol deh)
*"hol dah" in present verbs

5⃣ کِشیدَن (kešidan)
to pull
کِش (keš)

6⃣ رَنگ کَردَن (rang kardan)
to paint; to dye
رَنگ کُن (rang kon)

7⃣ ریختَن (rixtan)
to pour; to shed
ریز* (riz)
* riz also means "small; tiny" as an adjective

8⃣ پَریدَن (paridan)
to jump; to skip
پَر* (par)
* par also means "feather" as a noun

9⃣ بَر‌داشتَن (bar-dâštan)
to pick up; to take
بَردار (bar-dâr)

🔟 گُذاشتَن (gozâštan)
to put; to place
گُذار (gozâr)

✅ When conjugating the verbs which have two or more parts (e.g. bar-dâštan and hol dâdan) in the simple present tense, the prefix mi- & the verb endings are added to the last part of the present stem:

🌀I push = Man hol midaham
🌀You dye = To rang mikoni
🌀He picks up = U bar-midârad