:object-oriented programming (OOP):
It is a programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects" that contain data (attributes) and code (methods).
Objects are instances of classes, which are like blueprints for creating objects. Classes define what attributes and methods an object has.
OOP aims to organize code and model real-world concepts by creating objects that represent those concepts. For example, a Car class with attributes like make, model, year, and methods like drive(), brake(), etc.
Encapsulation is a key principle - objects encapsulate their state and code, hiding the internal details from the outside. Access is through well-defined interfaces.
Inheritance allows new child classes to be defined that inherit attributes and methods from parent classes, promoting

some tips for learning object-oriented programming (OOP) in Python as a beginner with examples:

1. Understand the basic concepts:

- Classes - user defined blueprint consisting of attributes (data) and methods (functions)
- Objects - instances of a class created from the class blueprint
- Inheritance - creating a new class from an existing class
- Polymorphism - objects can take on different forms and behave in different ways
- Encapsulation - binding data and functions together in an object

2. Create a simple class:

python
class Vehicle:

    def init(self, make, model):
        self.make = make
        self.model = model
   
    def drive(self):
        print("Driving", self.model)

car = Vehicle("Toyota", "Corolla")
car.drive()


3. Use inheritance to create subclasses:

python
class ElectricVehicle(Vehicle):

    def init(self, make, model, battery_size):
        super().init(make, model)
        self.battery_size = battery_size

    def charge_battery(self):
        print("Charging battery...")

ev = ElectricVehicle("Tesla", "Model 3", 85)
ev.charge_battery()


4. Override parent methods:

python
class ElectricVehicle(Vehicle):

    def drive(self):
        print("Driving silently!")

ev = ElectricVehicle("Tesla", "Model 3", 85)
ev.drive()


5. Use encapsulation to restrict access:

python
class BankAccount:

    def init(self, balance=0):
        self.balance = balance

    def deposit(self, amount):
        self.balance += amount

    def withdraw(self, amount):
        self.balance -= amount

    def get_balance(self):
        return self.balance

account = BankAccount(100)


Start with simple examples, and try building up classes of your own. This will help reinforce the concepts.

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# examples
object-oriented programming (OOP) in Python:

Class for a Bank Account:

python
class BankAccount:
    def init(self, account_number, balance=0):
        self.account_number = account_number
        self.balance = balance
       
    def deposit(self, amount):
        self.balance += amount
       
    def withdraw(self, amount):
        if self.balance >= amount:
            self.balance -= amount
        else:
            print("Insufficient funds")

    def get_balance(self):
        return self.balance

account = BankAccount("1234", 500)
account.deposit(200)
print(account.get_balance()) # Prints 700
account.withdraw(800) # Prints "Insufficient funds"


Class for a Student:

python
class Student:
    def init(self, name, age, gpa):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.gpa = gpa

    def get_grade(self):
        if self.gpa >= 4.0:
            return "A"
        elif self.gpa >= 3.0:
            return "B"
        elif self.gpa >= 2.0:
            return "C"
        else:
            return "D"
           
student = Student("Jim", 19, 3.5)
print(student.get_grade()) # Prints "B"


Class for a Circle:

python
from math import pi

class Circle:
    def init(self, radius):
        self.radius = radius

    def area(self):
        return pi * (self.radius ** 2)

    def circumference(self):
        return 2 * pi * self.radius

circle = Circle(3)
print(circle.area()) # Prints 28.274333882308138
print(circle.circumference()) # Prints 18.84955592153876


leave a comment for more clarification.

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write a program that check a given number prime or not?

here is one way to do the above question
n=int(input('number:- '))
if n > 2:
for i in range(2,n):
if n%i==0:
print(n,'is not prime')
break
else:
print(n,'is prime')
break
elif n ==2:
print(n,'is prime')
else:
print(n,'is not prime')

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write a code that add the square of each digits in a give number
eg:- if the given number is 111 then the out put is 3 if it is 23 the out put is 13.
https://news.1rj.ru/str/zethioprograming

here is the solution for the above problem

def sum_squared(n):
sum=0
while n>0:
no=n%10
sum=sum+no**2
n=n//10
print(sum)

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n=int(input(' '))
sum_squared(n)

#out put
2
4
6
8
we have four even numbers

#write a code for the above out put
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use the comment section to give your solution

def even(n):
ctr=0
for i in range (1,n):
if i%2==0:
ctr +=1
print(i)
print(f“we have {ctr} even numbers”)
even(10)

n = int(input('number: '))
total = 0
for i in range(2,n,2):
print(i)
total +=1
print(f'we have {total} even numbers')

write a  program that generate 7 random number in the form of  list from one ab to 9.

from the comments
#in the form of list
import random
def easy():
lis = []
i = 0
while i < 7:
   lis.append(random.randint(1,9))
   i+=1
print(lis)
easy()

write a program that count number of odd number in the given number.
example:- input=3687 .#output=2

n=int(input('number:'))
num=0
if n < 0:
    n=-n
while n > 0:
    no=n%10
    if no % 2 != 0:
        num+=1
    n=n//10
print(num)