🚘China plans to offer tax relief worth CNY 60bn (USD 9bn) on passenger-car purchases

· By implementing such measures, China hopes to support the automotive market, which has been hit by the COVID-related lockdowns: in April, China’s internal combustion engine car sales dropped 57% YoY

❗️The tax rebate might be slightly positive for PGM demand as China’s automotive sector accounts for some 26% and 17% of global autocatalyst palladium and platinum demand, respectively

#China #cars

📌India has raised export duties on iron ore concentrates from 30% to 50%

• Export tariffs on iron ore pellets were increased to 45% from zero

• The move was aimed at reducing India’s domestic steelmaking costs

• According to multiple Indian industry sources, the higher tariffs might result in reduction of the country’s iron ore exports to almost zero

❗️Given India accounted for 2% of global iron ore exports in 2021, this might slightly support iron ore prices

#iron_ore

📌Global crude steel output fell 5% YoY to 163mnt in April

• The decrease was partially driven by the 5% YoY decline in China's steel output, which accounted for 57% of world steel production in April (vs. 55% in March)

• Ex-China steel production fell 5% YoY in April (as well as in March)

• US steel production was down 4% YoY in April (vs. 2% YoY decline in March), while EU crude steel output decreased 5% YoY in April, with the rate of decline decelerating from 9% YoY in March

❗️In our view, global steel production might continue to decline in the coming months due to the global economic slowdown and China’s plans to reduce steel output relative to the 2021 level. Falling steel production is primarily negative for iron ore demand

#steel

Nornickel’s forecast of 0.1mnoz Pd market deficit and 0.9mnoz Pt market surplus in 2022 might be challenging
 
· The company has assumed 3% YoY Pd demand growth in 2022 on the back of a 5% YoY recovery in car production. This seems a challenge, given Chinese, EU and US car sales fell 24% YoY, 13% YoY and 16% YoY in 4mo22, respectively
 
· According to Nornickel, 2022 Pt market surplus might be driven by lower Pt loadings in China’s cars and a falling share of diesel in EU car sales
 
· We note that if car sales continue to decline at April rates, Pd and Pt markets might be in surplus of 23% and 27% of demand in 2022, respectively (vs. Nornickel’s forecast of 1% deficit and 13% surplus, respectively)
 
#PGMs

Nornickel has reiterated its nickel market surplus forecast of 40kt in 2022
 
· Nornickel sees an 11% YoY demand growth in 2022, highlighting 2 demand drivers. Firstly, the company expects a 9% YoY stainless steel production growth, which, in our view, might be difficult to achieve as 1Q22 global stainless steel output declined 4% YoY. Secondly, Nornickel forecasts a 27% YoY increase in nickel use in batteries, which looks conservative as China and EU EV sales were up 156% YoY and 24% YoY in 1Q22, respectively
 
· Nornickel sees a 19% YoY increase in refined nickel supply in 2022. This might be driven by the forecasted 33% YoY growth of Indonesian NPI output and rising production of nickel compounds for EV batteries. This outlook seems reasonable as Indonesian NPI output was up 34% YoY in 1Q22
 
· The company expects Indonesia’s NPI output growth to continue in 2023, widening nickel market surplus to 100kt
 
#nickel

📌The Ministry of Industry and Trade expects Russia’s steel demand to fall by less than 10% YoY in 2022

• According to the Ministry, domestic steel demand might be supported by the realisation of national projects and by the development of the construction industry

• Previously, the Russian Steel Association had forecasted a 30% YoY drop in Russian domestic steel demand in 2022

📝In 1Q22, Russian apparent steel consumption was up 13% YoY. However, we note that it might be pressured in the subsequent quarters

#steel #rusteel

📌CISA mills’ daily crude steel output fell 0.3% in the middle of May from the first ten days of the month

• This represented a 3.4% YoY drop (vs. the 4.7% YoY decrease in early May)

• The continued steel output decline in China might have been due to the weakening steel demand, shown by the 6.6% increase in inventories from 10 to 20 May (up 36.5% YoY)

📉We see a downward trend in China’s steel output over the coming months as steel manufacturers are likely to be forced to lower their production run-rates by further 9%+ in order to achieve the targeted steel output reduction in 2022 relative to 2021

#China #steel

☢️China’s nuclear power generation was up 1% YoY in April

· The growth rate decelerated from 2% YoY in March and 7% YoY in 1Q22

· The weaker growth rate might have been caused by the lower electricity demand amid COVID-related lockdowns in China, which resulted in a 4% YoY drop in the country’s overall electricity generation in April

📝China accounts for 13% of global nuclear power generation capacity and for 15% of world uranium demand

· As we wrote previously, China plans to increase its nuclear generation capacity by 38% from the current level by 2025. The increase accounts for 5% of global nuclear power capacity. This might support the long-term uranium demand

#China #uranium

🔗Rusal – major beneficiary of aluminium cost growth
 
📌As we expected, marginal Al cash costs have continued to rise, adding 15% since the start of May, backed by all time high coal prices. At the same time, Al prices fell 23% from peak, pressured by declining demand from the auto and property sectors. As such, coal-based Al producers are now deeply loss-making, losing >$1,000/t on spot prices. This is abnormal and highly likely to provide major support for Al prices, creating opportunities for producers that operate with fixed-cost sources of energy
 
❗UC Rusal is well positioned in this environment, as 95%+ energy comes from the hydropower plants of its parent company EN+. At spot, Rusal’s aluminium int. cash cost of c. $2,100/t is c.20% lower than marginal Al coal-based producer spends only on coal purchases. Rusal offers attractive 27% FCF yields at spot prices, trading at 1.6x EV/EBITDA. In a bull case, if Al prices pick up with marginal costs, Rusal’s FCF yield would surge >60%

#aluminium

📌Global aluminium producers: valuation update

💰As we noted previously, aluminium producers that operate with fixed-cost sources of energy look better amid rising energy costs. However, among global producers only S32 appears interesting on spot, despite having lower share of fixed-cost sources of energy (17%) than its peers. S32 benefits from rising coking coal prices (up 49% YTD) and offers 19% 1-y fwd FCF and dividend yields, trading at 2.5x 1-y fwd EV/EBITDA (vs. 5-18x EV/EBITDA of peers)
 
💰NHY looks neutral at spot despite relatively high level of fixed-cost sources of energy (50%). The company trades at 5x EV/EBITDA and offers just 5-7% FCF and dividend yields (vs. 1.6x of Rusal’s EV/EBITDA)
 
💰Chinese aluminium producers (Hongqiao and Chalco) and American Alcoa, meanwhile, are loosing from rising energy costs. Companies trade at 5-18x EV/EBITDA and offer less than 2% dividend yield

#aluminium $S32

📌India plans to increase coal imports to ease shortages

• India’s coal producers are struggling to meet rising domestic coal demand, fuelled by increased electricity consumption amid high temperatures in the region

• According to Reuters, in late May, coal inventories at India’s power plants decreased 13% MoM, amounting to 8 days of coal requirements

• India’s Power Industry expects the country’s coal deficit to reach 43mnt (or 22% of the domestic demand) in 3Q22

❗️The potential increase in India’s coal imports might be positive for Russia’s coal exports, which are relatively cheap. Currently, Russia’s East thermal coal FOB price (6,000kcal) is 67% below the FOB Newcastle and 58% below the FOB Richards Bay benchmarks

#coal

📌China’s domestic excavator sales dropped 61% YoY in April (vs. 64% YoY decline in March)
 
• Meanwhile, the country's total excavator sales (domestic + export) fell 47% YoY in April (vs. 53% YoY drop in March)

🏗Falling excavator sales indicate weak construction activity in China

❗️This is negative for industrial metals demand. However, we note that in the coming months China’s property market might be supported by the recently announced reduction in the five-year loan prime rate (a reference for home mortgages)
 
#China #steel #aluminium #copper

️⚡️China plans to increase its solar and wind power generation capacity to 1,200GW by 2030 (from 636GW in 2021)
 
∙ However, according to Bloomberg, the country might reach its target by 2025
 
∙ We estimate that the projects would require 544kt/a of copper (18% more than in 2021) for the target to be reached by 2025; to hit by 2030, the annual copper requirement would decrease 48% from the 2021 level to 242kt/a
 
️❗️In our view, this news is unlikely to provide significant support to global copper demand. Even if the targeted capacity is achieved by 2025, the annual increase in the copper requirement would be only 0.3% of 2021 global refined copper demand
 
#China #copper

📌The Russian government has approved the proposed increase in the scrap export duty to EUR 290/t for export volumes above 540kt
 
∙ Meanwhile, for volumes below 540kt, the current minimum export duty of EUR 100/t is to be applied
 
∙ The regulation is effective from 1 June 2022 to 31 July 2022. The total export volumes are to be calculated for this period
 
∙ We note that in 4mo22, Russian scrap exports declined 69% YoY to 422kt. If such dynamics continue in the coming months, export volumes in June - July might amount to 364kt (vs. 1,165kt in June - July 2021), which is below the threshold for the higher export duty
 
️❗️The increase in scrap export duty was initially proposed in March. The move is aimed at easing the cost pressure for domestic steelmakers by reducing prices of steelmaking raw materials
 
#steel #rusteel

🥇The Czech central bank plans to increase gold reserves from 11t to 100t over several years
 
∙ By increasing gold holdings, the Czech central bank hopes to achieve a greater return on reserves
 
∙ The proposed increase in reserves accounts for some 2% of global gold supply
 
️❗️We note that possible accumulation of gold reserves by central banks might support gold prices in the medium term
 
#gold

📌 China’s manufacturing PMIs slightly recovered in May, while remaining under 50

• China's official manufacturing PMI rose to 49.6 in May from 47.4 in April, outperforming the Bloomberg consensus expectations of 49.0

• Meanwhile, China's Caixin manufacturing PMI increased to 48.1 in May from 46.0 in April, underperforming the Bloomberg survey median of 49.0

❗️China’s PMIs below 50 suggest the continuing manufacturing sector contraction. However, the slight recovery of the PMIs relative to April data might indicate improving outlook due to gradual easing of COVID-related restrictions and the announcement of economic stimulus measures in China

#PMIs

📌 Chile’s copper output fell 10% YoY in April, with the rate of decline accelerating from 6% YoY in March

• In 4mo22, the country’s copper production dropped 8% YoY

• Public sources suggest that main reason for decline is tight water availability amid drought, though we believe that this might be partly driven by lockdowns in China and hence reduced demand for concentrate.

❗️Since Chile accounts for 28% of global copper supply, this might slightly support copper prices

#copper #Chile

🌏Global manufacturing PMIs broadly surpassed market expectations in May
 
∙ US ISM manufacturing PMI rebounded to 56.1 in May from 55.4 in April, exceeding Bloomberg consensus expectations of 54.5
 
∙ Eurozone Markit Manufacturing PMI declined to 54.6 in May (vs. 55.5 in April), slightly outperforming the market forecast of 54.4
 
❗️In May, manufacturing PMIs provided a mixed picture of the global manufacturing sector state. The US and Eurozone PMIs above 50 indicate continuing manufacturing momentum in these regions. However, as we wrote previously, China’s PMIs fell short of the 50 threshold, implying the continued manufacturing sector weakening
 
#PMIs

🚘The growth rate of global EV sales (passenger cars and light-duty vehicles) slowed down to 35% YoY in April - the weakest dynamics since June 2020
 
∙ Global EV sales started to lose momentum in March: up 61% YoY vs. 91% YoY increase in February
 
∙ In the US & Canada, EV sales rose 25% YoY in April (vs. 31% YoY growth in March)
 
∙ EU & UK EV sales increased only 1% YoY in April (vs. 12% YoY and 41% YoY growth in March and February, respectively)
 
❗️Even though increasing EV sales are supportive for the demand for battery metals (nickel, lithium and cobalt), the rapid deceleration of the growth rate is a concern
 
#EV #nickel #lithium #cobalt

📌Russian gold output contracted 19.9% YoY in April
 
∙ The rate of decline accelerated from 3.1% YoY in March
 
∙ In 4mo22, the country’s gold production was down 3.4% YoY
 
∙ Previously, the Union of Gold Producers of Russia forecasted a 10% YoY decline in Russian gold output in 2022 due to possible disruptions in machinery deliveries, export restrictions and uncertain domestic gold demand
 
❗️Given Russia accounts for some 10% of global gold mine production, this might be supportive for gold prices
 
#gold

📌EU and US aluminium premiums have reached historically high levels, while the Japan’s premium remained weak
 
∙ The Rotterdam duty paid premium was up 35% in Feb-May, mostly due to Russia's supply uncertainty. Moreover, the CRU expects that the same issues, coupled with logistics constrains, might keep the premium high
 
∙ While the US Midwest premium rose 3% in Feb-May, it started to fall last week (-6% WoW) amid negative sentiment stemming from the current economic environment
 
∙ As for Japan, global aluminium producers offered Japanese buyers 1.5% higher premiums for 3Q22 (vs. USD 172/t in 2Q22). While it is 66% above the spot, we note that the regional premium remains weak (-21% in Feb-May) amid growing aluminium exports from China and weak demand from the automotive sector
 
❗️We note that while the aluminium LME price declined 9% in Feb-May, premiums for physical delivery are skyrocketing, which means that physical spot aluminium declined only 3% in the EU and 6% in the US during Feb-May
 
#aluminium