Top 10 Python Libraries for Data Science & Machine Learning
1. NumPy: NumPy is a fundamental package for scientific computing in Python. It provides support for large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, along with a collection of mathematical functions to operate on these arrays.
2. Pandas: Pandas is a powerful data manipulation library that provides data structures like DataFrame and Series, which make it easy to work with structured data. It offers tools for data cleaning, reshaping, merging, and slicing data.
3. Matplotlib: Matplotlib is a plotting library for creating static, interactive, and animated visualizations in Python. It allows you to generate various types of plots, including line plots, bar charts, histograms, scatter plots, and more.
4. Scikit-learn: Scikit-learn is a machine learning library that provides simple and efficient tools for data mining and data analysis. It includes a wide range of algorithms for classification, regression, clustering, dimensionality reduction, and model selection.
5. TensorFlow: TensorFlow is an open-source machine learning framework developed by Google. It enables you to build and train deep learning models using high-level APIs and tools for neural networks, natural language processing, computer vision, and more.
6. Keras: Keras is a high-level neural networks API that runs on top of TensorFlow, Theano, or Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit. It allows you to quickly prototype deep learning models with minimal code and easily experiment with different architectures.
7. Seaborn: Seaborn is a data visualization library based on Matplotlib that provides a high-level interface for creating attractive and informative statistical graphics. It simplifies the process of creating complex visualizations like heatmaps, violin plots, and pair plots.
8. Statsmodels: Statsmodels is a library that focuses on statistical modeling and hypothesis testing in Python. It offers a wide range of statistical models, including linear regression, logistic regression, time series analysis, and more.
9. XGBoost: XGBoost is an optimized gradient boosting library that provides an efficient implementation of the gradient boosting algorithm. It is widely used in machine learning competitions and has become a popular choice for building accurate predictive models.
10. NLTK (Natural Language Toolkit): NLTK is a library for natural language processing (NLP) that provides tools for text processing, tokenization, part-of-speech tagging, named entity recognition, sentiment analysis, and more. It is a valuable resource for working with textual data in data science projects.
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1. NumPy: NumPy is a fundamental package for scientific computing in Python. It provides support for large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, along with a collection of mathematical functions to operate on these arrays.
2. Pandas: Pandas is a powerful data manipulation library that provides data structures like DataFrame and Series, which make it easy to work with structured data. It offers tools for data cleaning, reshaping, merging, and slicing data.
3. Matplotlib: Matplotlib is a plotting library for creating static, interactive, and animated visualizations in Python. It allows you to generate various types of plots, including line plots, bar charts, histograms, scatter plots, and more.
4. Scikit-learn: Scikit-learn is a machine learning library that provides simple and efficient tools for data mining and data analysis. It includes a wide range of algorithms for classification, regression, clustering, dimensionality reduction, and model selection.
5. TensorFlow: TensorFlow is an open-source machine learning framework developed by Google. It enables you to build and train deep learning models using high-level APIs and tools for neural networks, natural language processing, computer vision, and more.
6. Keras: Keras is a high-level neural networks API that runs on top of TensorFlow, Theano, or Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit. It allows you to quickly prototype deep learning models with minimal code and easily experiment with different architectures.
7. Seaborn: Seaborn is a data visualization library based on Matplotlib that provides a high-level interface for creating attractive and informative statistical graphics. It simplifies the process of creating complex visualizations like heatmaps, violin plots, and pair plots.
8. Statsmodels: Statsmodels is a library that focuses on statistical modeling and hypothesis testing in Python. It offers a wide range of statistical models, including linear regression, logistic regression, time series analysis, and more.
9. XGBoost: XGBoost is an optimized gradient boosting library that provides an efficient implementation of the gradient boosting algorithm. It is widely used in machine learning competitions and has become a popular choice for building accurate predictive models.
10. NLTK (Natural Language Toolkit): NLTK is a library for natural language processing (NLP) that provides tools for text processing, tokenization, part-of-speech tagging, named entity recognition, sentiment analysis, and more. It is a valuable resource for working with textual data in data science projects.
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𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐍𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐋𝐢𝐛𝐫𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬:
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
𝐋𝐨𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐭:
df = pd.read_csv('your_dataset.csv')
𝐈𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
1- View the first few rows:
df.head()
2- Summary of the dataset:
df.info()
3- Statistical summary:
df.describe()
𝐇𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐌𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐕𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐬:
1- Identify missing values:
df.isnull().sum()
2- Visualize missing values:
sns.heatmap(df.isnull(), cbar=False, cmap='viridis')
plt.show()
𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐕𝐢𝐬𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
1- Histograms:
df.hist(bins=30, figsize=(20, 15))
plt.show()
2 - Box plots:
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
sns.boxplot(data=df)
plt.xticks(rotation=90)
plt.show()
3- Pair plots:
sns.pairplot(df)
plt.show()
4- Correlation matrix and heatmap:
correlation_matrix = df.corr()
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8))
sns.heatmap(correlation_matrix, annot=True, cmap='coolwarm')
plt.show()
𝐂𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐬:
Count plots for categorical features:
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
sns.countplot(x='categorical_column', data=df)
plt.show()
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import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
𝐋𝐨𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐭:
df = pd.read_csv('your_dataset.csv')
𝐈𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
1- View the first few rows:
df.head()
2- Summary of the dataset:
df.info()
3- Statistical summary:
df.describe()
𝐇𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐌𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐕𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐬:
1- Identify missing values:
df.isnull().sum()
2- Visualize missing values:
sns.heatmap(df.isnull(), cbar=False, cmap='viridis')
plt.show()
𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐕𝐢𝐬𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
1- Histograms:
df.hist(bins=30, figsize=(20, 15))
plt.show()
2 - Box plots:
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
sns.boxplot(data=df)
plt.xticks(rotation=90)
plt.show()
3- Pair plots:
sns.pairplot(df)
plt.show()
4- Correlation matrix and heatmap:
correlation_matrix = df.corr()
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8))
sns.heatmap(correlation_matrix, annot=True, cmap='coolwarm')
plt.show()
𝐂𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐬:
Count plots for categorical features:
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
sns.countplot(x='categorical_column', data=df)
plt.show()
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🚀 𝗕𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗲 𝗮𝗻 𝗔𝗴𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗔𝗜 𝗗𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗿 — 𝗙𝗿𝗲𝗲 𝗖𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺
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𝗘𝗮𝗿𝗻 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗳𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 and 𝗴𝗲𝘁 𝗻𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝘁𝗼𝗽 𝗔𝗜 𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗼𝘆𝗲𝗿𝘀.
𝗙𝗿𝗲𝗲. 𝗦𝗲𝗹𝗳-𝗽𝗮𝗰𝗲𝗱. 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗿-𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗴.
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Master the hottest skill in tech: building intelligent AI systems that think and act independently.
Join Ready Tensor’s free, hands-on program to create three portfolio-grade projects: RAG systems → Multi-agent workflows → Production deployment.
𝗘𝗮𝗿𝗻 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗳𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 and 𝗴𝗲𝘁 𝗻𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝘁𝗼𝗽 𝗔𝗜 𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗼𝘆𝗲𝗿𝘀.
𝗙𝗿𝗲𝗲. 𝗦𝗲𝗹𝗳-𝗽𝗮𝗰𝗲𝗱. 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗿-𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗴.
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❤6
👨💻 FREE Resources to Learn & Practice Python
1. https://www.freecodecamp.org/learn/data-analysis-with-python/#data-analysis-with-python-course
2. https://www.hackerrank.com/domains/python
3. https://www.hackerearth.com/practice/python/getting-started/numbers/practice-problems/
4. https://learnpython.org/
5. https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_exercises.asp
6. https://news.1rj.ru/str/pythonfreebootcamp/134
7. https://news.1rj.ru/str/pythonanalyst/26
8. https://pythonbasics.org/exercises/
9. https://news.1rj.ru/str/pythondevelopersindia/300
10. https://docs.python.org/3/
11. https://news.1rj.ru/str/pythonspecialist/33
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1. https://www.freecodecamp.org/learn/data-analysis-with-python/#data-analysis-with-python-course
2. https://www.hackerrank.com/domains/python
3. https://www.hackerearth.com/practice/python/getting-started/numbers/practice-problems/
4. https://learnpython.org/
5. https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_exercises.asp
6. https://news.1rj.ru/str/pythonfreebootcamp/134
7. https://news.1rj.ru/str/pythonanalyst/26
8. https://pythonbasics.org/exercises/
9. https://news.1rj.ru/str/pythondevelopersindia/300
10. https://docs.python.org/3/
11. https://news.1rj.ru/str/pythonspecialist/33
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1️⃣ Reverse a string:
s = "hello"
print(s[::-1]) # Output: 'olleh'
2️⃣ Check for a palindrome:
def is_palindrome(s):
return s == s[::-1]
3️⃣ Count word frequency in a list:
from collections import Counter
words = ['apple', 'banana', 'apple']
print(Counter(words))
4️⃣ Swap two variables:
a, b = 5, 10
a, b = b, a
5️⃣ Fibonacci using recursion:
def fib(n):
return n if n <= 1 else fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)
6️⃣ Find duplicate elements in a list:
lst = [1,2,3,2,4]
duplicates = set([x for x in lst if lst.count(x) > 1])
7️⃣ Check if list is sorted:
def is_sorted(lst):
return lst == sorted(lst)
8️⃣ Flatten a 2D list:
matrix = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
flat = [num for row in matrix for num in row]
9️⃣ Read a file line by line:
with open('file.txt') as f:
for line in f:
print(line.strip())
🔟 Lambda & Map usage:
nums = [1, 2, 3]
squares = list(map(lambda x: x**2, nums))
💡 Tip: Practice these with variations on lists, strings & dictionaries.
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🗓️ Python Basics You Should Know 🐍
✅ 1. Variables & Data Types
Variables store data. Data types show what kind of data it is.
🔹 Use
✅ 2. Lists and Tuples
⦁ List = changeable collection
⦁ Tuple = fixed collection (cannot change items)
✅ 3. Dictionaries
Store data as key-value pairs.
✅ 4. Conditional Statements (if-else)
Make decisions.
🔹 Use
✅ 5. Loops
Repeat code.
⦁ For Loop – fixed repeats
⦁ While Loop – repeats while true
✅ 6. Functions
Reusable code blocks.
🔹 Return result:
✅ 7. Input / Output
Get user input and show messages.
🧪 Mini Projects
1. Number Guessing Game
2. To-Do List
🛠️ Recommended Tools
⦁ Google Colab (online)
⦁ Jupyter Notebook
⦁ Python IDLE or VS Code
💡 Practice a bit daily, start simple, and focus on basics — they matter most!
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✅ 1. Variables & Data Types
Variables store data. Data types show what kind of data it is.
# String (text)
name = "Alice"
# Integer (whole number)
age = 25
# Float (decimal)
height = 5.6
# Boolean (True/False)
is_student = True
🔹 Use
type() to check data type:print(type(name)) # <class 'str'>
✅ 2. Lists and Tuples
⦁ List = changeable collection
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(fruits) # banana
fruits.append("orange") # add item
⦁ Tuple = fixed collection (cannot change items)
colors = ("red", "green", "blue")
print(colors) # red✅ 3. Dictionaries
Store data as key-value pairs.
person = {
"name": "John",
"age": 22,
"city": "Seoul"
}
print(person["name"]) # John✅ 4. Conditional Statements (if-else)
Make decisions.
age = 20
if age >= 18:
print("Adult")
else:
print("Minor")
🔹 Use
elif for multiple conditions:if age < 13:
print("Child")
elif age < 18:
print("Teenager")
else:
print("Adult")
✅ 5. Loops
Repeat code.
⦁ For Loop – fixed repeats
for i in range(3):
print("Hello", i)
⦁ While Loop – repeats while true
count = 1
while count <= 3:
print("Count is", count)
count += 1
✅ 6. Functions
Reusable code blocks.
def greet(name):
print("Hello", name)
greet("Alice") # Hello Alice
🔹 Return result:
def add(a, b):
return a + b
print(add(3, 5)) # 8
✅ 7. Input / Output
Get user input and show messages.
name = input("Enter your name: ")
print("Hi", name)🧪 Mini Projects
1. Number Guessing Game
import random
num = random.randint(1, 10)
guess = int(input("Guess a number (1-10): "))
if guess == num:
print("Correct!")
else:
print("Wrong, number was", num)
2. To-Do List
todo = []
todo.append("Buy milk")
todo.append("Study Python")
print(todo)
🛠️ Recommended Tools
⦁ Google Colab (online)
⦁ Jupyter Notebook
⦁ Python IDLE or VS Code
💡 Practice a bit daily, start simple, and focus on basics — they matter most!
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