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Is Ubuntu safe?

I'm using Linux for quite a while and I'm considering a switch to Ubuntu on my main laptop. However I'm curious about it because **Ubuntu is not completely open-source** and that kinda tilts me. Is it safe to use Ubuntu for VERY sensitive documents? Also what data does Ubuntu collect about your system in depth? I became sketchy about this especially when Ubuntu started rolling out with Amazon app preinstalled. Do you think I'm safe from government agencies when using Ubuntu? **Do you think I can open ANYTHING without it being LOGGED or SENT anywhere?** I've done some research but would like to hear some response from you guys also.

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Unable to find disk

Hi. I beem trying to install Kali linux on my hard drive but everytime I try to load my system is just unable to locate disk. I dont even see any options at all while it perfectly runs with live usb which is something i dont want to do (tried both usb and dvd booting option)
My system is Dell optiplex 7010 mini tower preloaded with windows pos. Is there any way to fix this issue?

https://redd.it/ds8hap
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Weekly Questions and Hardware Thread - November 06, 2019

Welcome to r/linux! If you're new to Linux or trying to get started this thread is for you. Get help here or as always, check out r/linuxquestions or r/linux4noobs

This megathread is for all your question needs. As we don't allow questions on r/linux outside of this megathread, please consider using r/linuxquestions or r/linux4noobs for the best solution to your problem.

Ask your hardware requests here too or try r/linuxhardware!

https://redd.it/dsayf2
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Straightforward tutorial on how to set up hibernation without a swap partition (swapfile)

I had to consult multiple sources on how to do this so I thought it would be good to compile it all into one post. I don't have any blog site so I thought Reddit might be a good place to post this. It doesn't require update-initram2fs nor uswsusp (I accidentally overwrote my boot sector using these tools and plus they seem like magic, versus this method which seems more clear and obvious). It also does not require any other external tools other than the ones that come with Linux.

**Guide**

1. Create a swapfile. A good size would be more than your total RAM
1. `sudo fallocate -l 8G /swapfile`
2. `sudo mkswap /swapfile`
2. Set the permissions for the swapfile (only readable and writable by root)
1. `sudo chmod u=rw,go= /swapfile`
3. Enable the swapfile
1. `sudo swapon /swapfile`
4. Add an entry to /etc/fstab to enable swap at boot
1. `sudo bash -c "echo /swapfile none swap defaults 0 0 >> /etc/fstab"`
5. Find out which drive your system boots from
1. `lsblk`
2. See Figure 1 below for output example
6. Find out the offset in bytes of the swapfile is located on your disk
1. Run `sudo filefrag -v /swapfile`
2. You should get some output like the below Figure 2. Note the number circled in red because that is the swapfile offset.
7. Tell GRUB where to resume the session from on boot
1. Open /etc/default/grub in your favorite editor (as sudo of course) and find the line "GRUB\_CMDLINE\_LINUX\_DEFAULT"
2. Add `resume=<your boot drive here>` and `resume_offset=<your swapfile offset>` to the things in that list and then save the file
1. See Figure 3 below for my example
8. Apply the GRUB changes
1. `sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg`
9. Now hibernate should work. Test with either `sudo systemctl hibernate` or `pm-hibernate` if you have pm-utils
10. You can set up your machine to hibernate in your distro's power settings on laptop lid close or hibernate button press or whatever now. I won't cover that in this post.

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[Figure 1: lsblk output. I just have one partition so my system boots from \/dev\/sda1 \(resume value\)](https://preview.redd.it/vhoejij99zw31.png?width=584&format=png&auto=webp&s=7eab92d5285d91293617580ba0f221a106b65ccf)

[Figure 2: the number circled in red should be your resume\_offset for \/etc\/defaults\/grub](https://preview.redd.it/ygskmolg8zw31.png?width=827&format=png&auto=webp&s=5239057d79b5a681d3ae2e94cae873ec20be9a6e)

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[Figure 3: You need to add these two circled fields to the GRUB\_CMDLINE\_LINUX\_DEFAULT list](https://preview.redd.it/6wgh7tnq9zw31.png?width=831&format=png&auto=webp&s=aa590f1d0b9485a95fad9e74f81f8e88b46db2ba)

Sources:

[https://wiki.manjaro.org/index.php?noscript=Swap#Using\_a\_Swapfile](https://wiki.manjaro.org/index.php?noscript=Swap#Using_a_Swapfile)

[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Power\_management/Suspend\_and\_hibernate#Hibernation](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Power_management/Suspend_and_hibernate#Hibernation)

[https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=182392](https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=182392)

&#x200B;

&#x200B;

Let me know if you guys have any problems.

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Why is it so hard to install packages on Linux?

There are so many ways to install packages on Linux, sometimes it can be so technical compared to Windows and Mac. Just double click the . exe or . dmg and next, next, next, finish.

With Linux sometimes you need to find and install dependencies, or use command line apt-get, snap, dpkg -i, sometimes add repositories, etc. It can really turn some people off from Linux.

Yes, there is the graphical software store to install programs and packages such as on Ubuntu but why doesn't Linux have a standard double click, simple installation process for all programs like OSX and Windows?

What are the benefits, if any, of having so many methods of installing software on Linux?

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Sudo Pronounciation

How do you guys pronounce sudo? Is it su doo or su doh? Or something else? I have heard both and am curious! Thanks :)

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Learning basic Linux fast

Hey all, I am looking for some references to some good sources to start my dive into the world of crazy. I am looking specifically for Ubuntu based resources. I am trying to learn how to use it for a job opportunity where the requirements are basic Linux usage. I have already spun up a Ubuntu VM. I have creating text files, moving through directories, moving and deleting down pretty well. Today was day one and I feel pretty good about it but I would love to find some good free resources to learn more.

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Okay I know you're on here. WHO DID THIS?
https://redd.it/dsugvw
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