Cant putty in

Pic 1: https://i.imgur.com/oJf8ZHs.jpg
Pic 2: https://i.imgur.com/XQN62bI.jpg

Made a Fedora droplet. Trying to PUTTY in. IP is entered correctly, droplet is on, and I enter "root" in the console and an error message displays.

What did I do wrong?

https://redd.it/lzg588
@r_linux

Linux vs Windows, Round 1, as Told by a Totally Neutral Retired Microsoft Windows Dev
https://youtu.be/a9ZADRy5W0c

https://redd.it/lzhob8
@r_linux

Online linux envirnment

Hey linux community,
I am looking for a solution instead of buying a computer, i vnc into an online ubuntu enverinment. Is there such thing?
I would prefer with a gui,
Aws?
Is there qny open source solutions?
Regards

https://redd.it/lzkqml
@r_linux

Create a Virtual Microphone on Linux with Pulseaudio for Obs Studio

I went through this video because I needed a virtual audio solution similar to what is available in windows, but when I reboot my system... my audio stopped working. I had to completely wipe my machine and re install it again.

From my understanding, the problem appears to be the persistent aspect of this noscript. What is causing this problem? Please help. I want to be able to auto establish these virtual audio cables.

https://youtu.be/Goeucg7A9qE

https://redd.it/lzmf5l
@r_linux

I think I found out where my disk space vanished... tumblerd took it!!
https://redd.it/lzmzbk
@r_linux

SuperB Bootstrap: OS bootstrap-system/dotfiles-manager framework want to add support for your Linux-distro

​

[OS bootstrap-system\/dotfiles-manager framework that SuperB](https://preview.redd.it/1z8sfoduxkl61.png?width=2456&format=png&auto=webp&s=1664da3e8617d3d2d2d7eee3b43b946a65ebcdef)

## About

[**SuperB Bootstrap**](https://github.com/NNBnh/superb-bootstrap) is a *SuperB* OS bootstrap-system/dotfiles-manager framework that can be installed with just one command on a new Unix system installation.

## Features

* Super **portable**, work on almost any Unix and Unix-like operating system, it can even install dotfiles locally
* Don't know anything about [git](https://git-scm.com/)? Dont't worry, SBB dotfiles can be host via [Nextcloud](https://nextcloud.com/), [Google drive](https://www.google.com/drive) or [Dropbox](https://www.dropbox.com/)...
* Super **minimum** [dependencies](https://gist.github.com/NNBnh/bd2b4edef2e18b65296d6db189009c79#dependencies), you don't need to install anything before the installation process
* Super **organized** [file structure](https://gist.github.com/NNBnh/bd2b4edef2e18b65296d6db189009c79#setup) to config and share
* Super **easy** to [setup](https://gist.github.com/NNBnh/bd2b4edef2e18b65296d6db189009c79#setup) and [install](https://gist.github.com/NNBnh/bd2b4edef2e18b65296d6db189009c79#usage):
* Similar to [Stow method](http://brandon.invergo.net/news/2012-05-26-using-gnu-stow-to-manage-your-dotfiles.html), it's managing your dotfiles by storing them in a subdirectory (`dotfiles/home/`, `dotfiles/root/`) and symlinking them to their original location
* You can even install your dotfiles with **just one command** from a new Unix system installation
* Super **flexible** with one config, you can bootstrap **cross-platform**. Current supported package managers are:
* [APT](https://wiki.debian.org/Apt)
* [Portage](https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Portage)
* [Pacman](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Pacman)
* [XBPS](https://docs.voidlinux.org/xbps/index.html)
* [Zypper](https://en.opensuse.org/Portal:Zypper)
* [AUR](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Arch_User_Repository)
* [Homebrew](https://docs.brew.sh/)
* [Flatpak](https://flatpak.org/)
* [Snap](https://snapcraft.io/)

## Help wanted

We want SBB to supported as many package managers as possible and we need your help by contribute to [this github issue](https://github.com/NNBnh/superb-bootstrap/issues/5).

# [SBB repo](https://github.com/NNBnh/superb-bootstrap) | [Help wanted](https://github.com/NNBnh/superb-bootstrap/issues/5)

https://redd.it/lznqz4
@r_linux

systemd-resolved - fix for vpn dns resoution fedora systemd

As usual updates mess up Fedora, now that Fedora 33 started using systemd-resolved instead of /etc/resolv.conf for DNS resolution. The Default does not provide #DNS and #FallbackDNS. So, This gets problematic for vpn users who connect via openvpn. So, let's fix this by adding Google dns and Cloudflare DNS to resolved.conf

\# DNS Fix

sudo sed 's/#DNS=/DNS=9.9.9.9 1.1.1.1 8.8.8.8/g' -i /etc/systemd/resolved.conf
sudo sed 's/#FallbackDNS=/FallbackDNS=1.0.0.1 4.2.2.2 8.8.4.4 2606:4700:4700::1111 2606:4700:4700::1001 2001:4860:4860::8888 2001:4860:4860::8844 2620:fe::fe/g' -i /etc/systemd/resolved.conf
sudo service systemd-resolved restart
systemd-resolve --status ; #now

https://redd.it/lzoby5
@r_linux

nftables masquarade 'no such file or directory'

Hi

How to fix the problem with below nft rule?

nft add rule nat postrouting oifname "eth1" masquerade

I got error 'no such file or directory'. I think I should add somewhere masquerade module but I don't know how.

Unfortunately I don't have firewalld.

https://redd.it/lzqetd
@r_linux

Wayland on Ubuntu

I tried Ubuntu 20.04 with Wayland but it was so laggy. There is tearing down in all gnome extensions. I just search about it and it was a problem for lots of Linux users specially gnome.
Is it good idea for Ubuntu 21.04 to use Wayland as a default display?

https://redd.it/lzr276
@r_linux

Airplane Mode - Use hardware switch to turn off

I am using HP Probook 4540s. I am unable to turn off the airplane mode.
The output of rfkill list all shows the output:

  Wireless LAN
  Soft blocked: no 
  Hard blocked: yes
  

I have tried multiple ways to remove the hard block but all in vain.

I even tried two flavours of Linux like Ubuntu 20.04, Manjaro Gnome.

Nothing helped. Please help me resolve this issue.

https://redd.it/lzspy1
@r_linux

should i make the switch?

due to a recent update on my windows 10 system that somehow managed to break my computers wallpaper made me question the windows 10 operating system and i was looking into what are the differences between linux and windows but from what i found it was mostly all about what is better for people who code while im more of an avarage user, the most my laptop does is play some games other than that i dont really push my pc very hard so i wanted to know from an avarage users standpoint should i make the switch from windows 10 to linux

https://redd.it/lzv2o7
@r_linux

MacOS virtualization

Please suggest a solid reliable way to have a MacOS vm on a debain based distro. My Iphone started to have some issues and I need itunes to fix it but I don't want to install Windows.

My machine has intel i5 6th gen. and 8 gigs of ram.

https://redd.it/lzvi10
@r_linux

Compared to Linux, why doesn't Windows run well on old hardware?

I have an older Dell Latitude, i7-5600U, Intel HD Graphics 5500, 8gb RAM. I've been running Linux on this laptop for several years. Dual booted Windows 10 the other day and was shocked by how much performance took a hit. On a fresh install, CPU was capping, RAM was at 4-5GB use, it was unusable. What are the possible explanations for this? More lines of code, poor legacy hardware support, planned obsolescence with older Intel generation chipsets?

https://redd.it/lzxgrb
@r_linux

What are some annoying things about MAC OS?

I've moved to Linux from windows and the reason was their stupid updates and generally not so choesive operating system.

I've only used MacBooks or iPhones a handful of times in life, that was too for work but my question is if Apple software is based on UNIX why do the Linux community hate it as well as windows. Don't they provide a robust and streamlined computing experience like Linux?

what are some bad aspects of macs or apple products other than being proprietary and expensive?

https://redd.it/lzyltx
@r_linux

Linux Foundation Certified System Admin (LFCS) course overview and test recommendations

This post is for anyone pursuing your LFCS certification and my experiences having done the online-course and taken my first pass at the test. I'm not looking for any flame wars about the pros or cons of this course vs that course or this cert vs that cert. This just to pass on my experience for anyone else in the same boat in the future.

​

**My Thoughts on + Experience with the "Course"**

* tl;dr: Don't expect to take the course and be prepared for the test.
* I purchased the online-course + test (+retake if necessary) when it was on sale in December
* The course is a glorified pdf with occasional chapter introductions by an instructor.
* You're typically introduced to an idea or set of tools and might get 1 to 3 examples. At the end of the chapter, you're typically given 1 to 5 labs which consist of a couple tasks to do with some of the stuff you learned about. Not very thorough, but the labs were where I felt like I learned the most.
* The tests are usually 1-10 multiple choice questions per chapter that only tell you if you're right or wrong and don't elaborate on why the correct answer was correct.
* There is a forum for questions, and they're well monitored, but typically the answer you're given is to try on a different distro. And don't get me wrong, they were very polite and seem like helpful people.
* The Linux Foundation folks are also strangely hostile at the thought that they should be teaching to what's on the test and that this course should prepare you for the test, despite being bundled with the test.
* If you're strapped for cash, you might get more bang for your buck out of a book on Linux, than the course. That said, the course isn't super expensive, and I certainly didn't feel like I came out of it knowing less than when I started or anything.
* [I found a link online to a practice test](https://training.linuxfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/LFCS-Practice-Questions-v1.0.pdf) the Linux Foundation put out that for some reason wasn't included with my course (or it was and I missed it somehow) that I probably got more use out of than anything else offered by them.

​

**Tips for the test** (The following is in the order I think of them, not necessarily by importance):

1. Know "find" inside and out. Know how to do it with rights, how to do it with dates, how to use the -exec command. If I had known this tool better, I'd have cruised through probably half the test much more quickly.
2. Ensure you know how to create bash noscripts. Not necessarily super complex ones, none of my questions involved using \[ \] or anything.
3. Know "tar" inside and out. These are usually pretty easy questions, but question #X will have 6 sub-parts and can be time consuming if you're looking a lot of stuff up.
4. Brush up on directing STDOUT, STDERR, etc
5. Be real good at creating/editing users/groups
6. Be prepared to use "visudo" and make adjustments to the sudoers file.
7. Be aware how to change your IP, your hostname, your gateway, and ports
8. Don't forget about attributes (lsattr and chattr)
9. You will not be allowed any notes, so don't rely on a cheatsheet or anything, but they do let you use man pages.

​

These are just my thoughts for anyone else who loves Linux, but like me, doesn't have any friends/family who have ever used it to get advice from. Hopefully someone gets some use from this some day.

https://redd.it/lzyget
@r_linux

Does it seem like Linux Desktop Environments have regressed since the mid-2000s?

For those of us who were users back then (or earlier), there was a window compositor known as Compiz. It provided a lot of functionality that's just plain gone in most environments now, even more than a decade later.

Lots of visual effects, such as the more flashy desktop cube, wobbly windows, window opacity, and hundreds of other effects that actually leveraged 3D acceleration hardware instead of letting it languish unused. While most environments have some amount of compositing, it's usually an extremely stripped-down subset of what Compiz could do 10 years ago.

But here's one that vanished which actually increased my productivity moderately: the widget layer. Press a hotkey and a secondary layer superimposes itself over whatever desktop you're in, holding certain pinned widgets (or apps) you want available everywhere, but out of the way until needed. Maybe stash Slack or Discord in there, or some sticky notes. Why not take the idea further and have a different layer per hotkey? While it's possible to do that with desktops, there's a certain benefit to having the additional layer transposed over the current viewport.

Compiz worked perfectly fine for me in an underpowered Samsung NC10 netbook from 2008, and yet there's no equivalent for 2020 hardware. It may be a stretch to say LDEs have outright regressed since 2008, but they've definitely lost something since then, and it's a shame. I think about Compiz fondly every couple years and spend some time looking around at current environments, but always find them missing something (or a lot of somethings).

Unfortunately after Compiz was abandoned, the code wasn't really picked up and integrated into anything else. Canonical adopted it for a while in Unity, but even that's essentially gone now. KDE, Gnome 3, Mate, Cinnamon, etc., all have a bit of visual flair here and there, including Expose-style scaling or desktop views, but it's all very... sanitized. Few options or configuration, and a very "Windows 10" or OSX feel.

Perhaps that's how we know Linux has finally "matured" and that "this year is finally the year of the Linux Desktop". I could be wrong though; let me know if I am. I want to be wrong, actually.

https://redd.it/m00k5y
@r_linux

Ive just spent 18 months running Linux on a daily-driver laptop using two USB sticks. These are my observations.

I inherited a relatively high end 15" laptop years ago, and when I swapped out a hard disk I tore the small zif-like socked from the mainboard the hdd attaches to. Its not really practical to repair, so I needed to find an alternative. I thought about a USB install, bur for various reasons not practical to do this with windows 10.

I read about MX linux which is based on Antix and has some development around USB sticks installs so I took the plunge on a USB 3.1 sandisk ultra fit. I chose this because it has a very low side profile - and unlikely to get knocked/ damage usb port when in daily use. The laptop pre-dates 3.1 so the slot was 3.0. Therefore running at 3.0 speeds.

The only other USB based OS experiences I had were unraid and openelec. Both were positive, but they are tiny os's and run pretty much in RAM, so not taxing at all to storage medium. Full-blown desktop os doing grown up computing a different scenario. I really had no idea how that would play out.

The initial install went pretty much as expected. I set up the software I needed and tweaked the OS /desktop to my preferences. After a bit of use (couple days) I was noticing fairly regular micro-pauses while working. Not a deal breaker, but not optimal either.

I figured this was due to disk access load so opted to split /home off onto a second drive. I purchased another 3.1 sandisk and did this, which solved the issue. Subsequently the experience was smooth and responsive.

Use of the machine is mainly document editing, some graphic design, a bit of video editing, lots of internet surfing, some vm stuff.

At the outset I imaged the OS usb, expecting to have to replace it every few months and wanting a quick deployment method.

I carry around a spare in my laptop bag just in case.

In 18 months of near daily use I have swapped out the usb due to failure once. This surprised me TBQH. I did not expect it to be reliable.

Observations:

Speed feels to me faster than a 5400rpm hdd. Seems quicker and more responsive, but have not run any objective measures. It feels like an SSD to use.

OS USB is 32gb and that is - as it turns out - ample room for the os (about 6 months ago I swapped to Ubuntu Server with XFCE as the desktop) - I love this about it. The USB stick was $11AUD.

Reliability has been excellent. Its been reliable, which was NOT what I expected.

\-

Mainly posting this as i have not seen a lot of this sort of thing posted and thought others might be interested to hear how it went. I doubt many people would want to run out and try it, but I hope its interesting for anyone curious.

Linux is an amazing OS to be so versatile. Its allowed me to keep this l aptop going where otherwise I would have been up for either a costly mainboard or machine replacement. I feel really fortunate to have this option and so pleased with the experience.

https://redd.it/m01m5a
@r_linux

journald eats up disk space, limit journald max disk space use

Journald take Gigs of disk space, which is not really needed by desktop users. This is especially the case with Fedora.

#Journald huge space usage fix
sudo journalctl --vacuum-size=100M
sudo journalctl --vacuum-time=10d

sudo sed 's/#SystemMaxUse=/SystemMaxUse=100M/g' -i /etc/systemd/journald.conf

https://redd.it/m020kx
@r_linux

Window manager recommendation?

Hi everyone, so I'm planning on installing endeavour os on my laptop later today and I've seen that the trend these days seem to be window managers instead of DEs, at least based on what I keep seeing on r/unixporn. I was wondering what window manager is recommended for someone who has never used one before, in terms of setup and configuration and just overall ease of use. Also, do window managers support floating windows instead of the regular tiling behaviour? Just wondering since my old laptop has a small screen.

Edit: I plan on installing xfce as well alongside the window manager just because someone else might need to use this laptop

https://redd.it/m03rqd
@r_linux

Linux May Have Saved My Life

Very simple: LINUX SAVED MY LIFE

I fell in love with technology a long time ago.

Somehow, I let my dad talk me out of it during high school...

But the interest never fully subsided. In fact, over time I found technology intertwining with my various interests, hobbies, and passions...

Adulthood slowly crept in, and along with it came responsibilities. It wasn't long before I felt like it was too late for me to get more hands-on with tech.

In 2018 I contemplated joining a coding Bootcamp, but the all-day intensive schedule didn't mix well with my work schedule and home life (married with 1 kid).

ENTER LINUX: in May of 2019, a friend/colleague of mine introduced me to a Linux class. I signed up and began class in August of 2019. Prior to this, I dabbled a bit in Ubuntu and Kali Linux, but not properly. This time I was able to learn how to use the command line with CentOS/RHEL.

I took my windows hard drive out of my Lenovo T450, put a new one in, upgraded the ram to 16GB, and switched to CentOS. The year is now 2021 and not only am I fluent in Linux, but I've also completed an AWS Solutions Architect Associate training, and I'm preparing to take exams for several certs. By the end of 2021, my goal is to accept my first tech/IT job and go from there.

Seriously, Linux changed my life, and it helped me truly understand the structure of computers and the key concepts behind information and tech. I am now convinced that kids should be taught the basics of the command line and Linux. ALL KIDS EVERYWHERE... and adults too.

It shouldn't be just for nerds and tech wonks. It should be for everyone.

P.S. Thank you for reading. I haven't shared my thoughts online in quite some years and I had to get past my usual overthinking to come here and just post. I'll be back soon to share other thoughts I have, however incomplete those thoughts may be.

Long Live Linux, in all flavors!

https://redd.it/m05m8r
@r_linux

Netbook new life

Hi I'm new with Linux, I have installed lubuntu and I was wondering if I can change some parameters in Linux file system, in boot or root folders. to speed up my 1gb ram and 32bit architecture netbook thanks for all.

https://redd.it/lzzeri
@r_linux