"Clocc". A simple, straightforward and minimal analog clock right in your CLI.
https://redd.it/1kh8f8c
@r_linux

Great find on goodwill
https://redd.it/1khbq49
@r_linux

Fwupd 2.0.9 Released With Firmware Updating Support For Intel Arc Battlemage
https://www.phoronix.com/news/Fwupd-2.0.9-Released

https://redd.it/1khd53m
@r_linux

I'm new on linux, and i want to know about Antivirus and linux

so i\\ve been using bitdefender in windows 11, and now i switched to linux, i had enough of windows, it's killing the laptop and always make things slow, while now i feel refreshing on how fast thing could be .

now the thing i'm concerned about viruses , cuz it seems there isn't antivirus like bitdefender,kaspersky etc....

and yeah i dont know much about it, in my browser i've extension like ublock,privacy badger,Cookie AutoDelete and Decentraleyes. so i should be safe online ig ? i'm also usually using either waterfox or brave .

Thanks in advance for advice :)

https://redd.it/1khj4na
@r_linux

steam not running

hello , for some reason steam don't run after installing it (and i mean i press the icon and the process doesn't even start ) i had tried several solutions that involved using terminal but didn't work as well

i use linux mint

(i don't know if that's relevant ;one of the solutions was making me use (sudo apt get-update) which showed me an error at the end saying that something doesn't support architecture i38 (it was several things that showed that message ))

https://redd.it/1khjhzu
@r_linux

Linux 6.16 Bringing A Fix For Old Intel Haswell Graphics
https://www.phoronix.com/news/Linux-6.16-Intel-Haswell-iGPU

https://redd.it/1khnonw
@r_linux

How does macchanger work?

Could someone explain how macchanger works internally and how it changes the MAC address? I couldn't find much about it online. I asked ChatGPT, and it mentioned system calls interacting with the network card's driver, but I wasn't able to verify that.

https://redd.it/1khptvm
@r_linux

I have Updated my CC:BY Wallpaper GitHub

# Spring has arrived in all its glory

So why not adorn your desktop with a floral background?

Over the past few months, I haven’t had any significant amount of time to either sit in Blender and create or engage in other creative pursuits for that matter. But the other day, when the sun was shining and the bumblebees were gently buzzing around the garden, I got the idea to photograph some of the flowers that had blossomed. When I later looked at these creations, it felt only natural to add them to my Wallpaper git-repo.

For full transparency; I am not a photographer and these pictures were taken with a mobile phone.

https://preview.redd.it/w2qw2lrtrkze1.png?width=3840&format=png&auto=webp&s=bdc4a11efcac04ed3a767e915c52489a548bc80c

https://preview.redd.it/3tbsxucvrkze1.png?width=3840&format=png&auto=webp&s=f66e2f860f0dff4fb48bd629690c1234d0b04f0f

https://preview.redd.it/yfh5ivxwrkze1.png?width=3840&format=png&auto=webp&s=0de6a8f977b538039980e6e1f880c731b7699bb7

https://preview.redd.it/0o5vyp2zrkze1.png?width=3840&format=png&auto=webp&s=6038b328ccb4c4cd6485012ba81628ec9013549c

These images are some of those found in the "Nature" folder. All wallpapers in the entire repo are CC:BY — free to use, share, and modify as long as the creator, in this case me, is attributed.

https://redd.it/1khsqoh
@r_linux

Is there a reason or benefit to install linux?

Before you reply, I want to clarify that I mean it as an educational benefits or experience. Like are there any benefits for people like me who are a student (undertaking Computer Science) installing Linux?

Are there learning benefits that I miss if I did not install it?

This is my first time posting here. I'm sorry if I am not clear, english is not my first language.

https://redd.it/1khvi3c
@r_linux

Fedora VS Ubuntu, few questions hyprland and nvidia drivers

Which is easier, ubuntu or fedora, to install nvidia drivers and get them working??

Also, which is easier to setup hyprland? Also, does gaming work well with hyprland? Like world of warcraft?
Do most applications work well with hyprland? like VSCode, discord, etc?

Would like your guys opinions!! Ty guys!!!



How many words do i need, for my post to not be deleted btw?




https://redd.it/1khw60r
@r_linux

Meet AnduinOS - a custom Ubuntu-based Windows 11-like Linux distribution developed by a Microsoft engineer.
https://www.anduinos.com/

https://redd.it/1khy5nl
@r_linux

Ventoy Is Saving Me Time, Money, and USB Sticks
https://smustafa.blog/2025/05/08/ventoy-is-saving-me-time-money-and-usb-sticks/

https://redd.it/1ki0tk9
@r_linux

yay we're not cooked!
https://redd.it/1ki2s96
@r_linux

Is there finally any GUI to quickly set audio settings? (any distro)

Hi. I've been following how desktop Linux progresses for more than 10 years now. Is there finally any GUI tool where you can set various audio device properties, like bit depth, sample rate, noise cancellation (for microphone), channel balance, channel count, equalizer? After half hour of searching I haven't been able to find any alternative to Windows or Mac sound settings. I know there are command line tools and config files but I haven't seen any proper GUI yet.

https://redd.it/1ki3vo1
@r_linux

Home sweet home
https://redd.it/1ki7ll0
@r_linux

(grub/dracut) Can someone explain me, what happened?

IMPORTANT: This is not asking for help (not an issue anymore). But maybe explaining what happened so I can learn from it? I want to share a funny story, which got me confused in the end. If anyone knows WHY this happened- I would be happy to hear.

First things first: I'm using garuda linux with grub and dracut as the initramfs-tool. I use btrfs and my system also comes with grub-btrfs, which according to github only provides snapshot booting from grub itself and it SHOULDN'T manipulate my default boot choices.

So: I got 3 kernels- zen, mainline and rc. And they take a lot of space in /boot

First thing I wanted to do is extend /boot, so I had to shrink my root partition. Thing is- my root partition is encrypted with the old LUKS1 instead of LUKS2, which makes shrinking the partition impossible.

So I thought "well, each initramfs is over 250MB, so- why not just exclude unnecessary drivers like my iGPU AMD driver or some other stuff I don't need. I also read, that you ONLY need to include drivers in the initramfs which are necessary for boot- so I figured "I don't need wifi and ethernet before userspace" and just excluded them to save as much space as possible.

Then I built my new initramfs and it seems to work.

Then, two weeks later, during systemd-anaylse to see why my system takes a long time to boot, I noticed that my generated grub-config points to a btrfs snapshot of my root partition, instead of my raw root partition.

I noticed because my cmdline was

BOOTIMAGE=/vmlinuz-linux-zen root=UUID=2b323d09-9d7c-4d25-90c8-669affba6d93 rw rootflags=subvol=timeshift-btrfs/snapshots/2025-04-2914-38-59/@ rd.luks.uuid=015628c5-ef3b-437f-83aa-7808ca43135d rd.luks.uuid=b812c7bf-201f-4aeb-8ca0-41ce41b614a5 rd.luks.options=timeout=5 resume=/dev/mapper/luks-b812c7bf-201f-4aeb-8ca0-41ce41b614a5 loglevel=3 splash nvidia-drm.modeset=1 quiet tpmtis.interrupts=0 ibt=off

My rootflags pointed to `subvol=timeshift-btrfs/snapshots/2025-04-2914-38-59/@

Wait, since when is my cmdline pointing to a btrfs-snapshot of my system?!

And that got me confused- since making snapshots kept working- and my updates stayed- so

I was so confused-

I checked my /etc/default/grub, but my GRUBCMDLINELINUXDEFAULT` didn't include ANYTHING with rootflags- nothing under `/etc/default/grub` or `/etc/grub/` included a `rootflags`.

So I just thought "Okay? Lemme force it to boot into my normal live system?" And added `rootflags=subvol=@` to my `GRUBCMDLINELINUXDEFAULT.

But then I ended up in emergency mode. In emergency mode, I checked my /boot/grub/grub.cfg and noticed that now two rootflags were present. So something is injecting the snapshot rootflag into my config. But what? At this point I noticed that \grub-btrfs` exists and checked the github- looked into the issues tab to see if anyone got something similar? And I found something interesting: The developer of grub-btrfs says that it would never mess with your default grub config and "only add the snapshot list". Or did I misunderstand that?

At this point, I didn't care and just wanted to reset everything-

Sooo- I checked my modified /etc/dracut.conf\- but it was- not modified- maybe because I was still in that old snapshot before I edited my dracut.conf?

"Huh, well, let me rebuild my kernel modules with this clean config", I thought- but my Kernel was already 6.14.5-zen1-1-zen, which didn't exist under /lib/modules, so I couldn't rebuild the modules. And my system was still in emergency mode on life support, not even mounting my efi partition worked there. And I had no network, nothing.

I managed to fix my system, re-gain network, reinstalled the kernel modules, rebuilt the initramfs with dracut, rebooted and now everything seems to work again- booting from the original @ subvolume on my live nvme.

TL;DR:

1. I adjusted my dracut config to minimize my initramfs size
2. I rebooted and it "worked" (it rebooted from my last working snapshot instead my normal system)
3. I figured out that it would boot from the

snapshot after 1.5 weeks
4. I tried booting from the live system, but it was broken due to the drivers In the end, I fixed it-

I'm still confused about HOW grub decided to boot into the snapshot with my normal boot choice (which would be the live system). Where did the rootflags=@/timeshift-btrfs/snapshots... come from?

And how do I make sure that my default and first grub-entry never points to a snapshot?

Thanks for reading my story! I'd love to discuss/learn with you about my experience.

https://redd.it/1ki6us2
@r_linux

I have now achieved chim
https://redd.it/1ki9lxw
@r_linux

A naughty PAM module

Hey,

inspired by the insults feature in sudo, I went ahead and created a simple PAM module that prints an insult when an PAM authentication fails. So, whenever you enter a wrong user password in the terminal, you will get insulted.

Let me know what you think about it and feedback is very much appreciated if not even encouraged.

https://github.com/cgoesche/pam-insults


https://redd.it/1ki7vrc
@r_linux

How to create a surround setup by combining different speakers GUIDE

Howdy y'all!

I've used Linux quite a fair bit for my homelab, but recently I decided to embark my main desktop on the open-source train. With this change, I also needed to migrate my audio solution over to Linux.

I'm currently using Yamaha HS8's through a Behringer audio interface as my front channels, and a Logitech 5.1 Surround setup as my Centre/LFE, Sides and Rears. I achieved this using Voicemeeter on Windows, but as you may know, this doesn't quite exist on Linux. Pulsemeeter has nowhere near this capability either.

After hours of playing around and many re-installs of the entire audio system, I finally found a way to get it working! I'd figured I'd share just in case someone else out there would like to create a full surround setup using whatever speakers they may have lying around. I tried finding any guides online that could potentially detail how to do this, but to no avail. So here it goes!

PLEASE NOTE, THIS GUIDE WAS WRITTEN FOR MANJARO INITIALLY BUT SHOULD BE APPLICABLE TO MOST DISTROS

This guide is also done mostly by walking back through the steps I took, so if anything is missing, please let me know!

Here's a screenshot of my prior audio settings!

https://preview.redd.it/eox4dwikwoze1.png?width=1647&format=png&auto=webp&s=680ea82dfdde999faf78c78eac6b8630850e436b

(https://preview.redd.it/how-to-create-a-surround-setup-by-combining-different-v0-oj51bvf3soze1.png?width=1647&format=png&auto=webp&s=19b72b09a3cc26c0a5258843b4debaec14cdd552)

The goal is to combine the "Line Out" audio output (Which has my Centre/LFE, sides and rear channels) and the "UMC404 192k" audio output (Which has my front channels)

PREREQUISITES

ALL OF THIS IS IN TERMS OF A GUI, AS APPLICATIONS WILL BE RUN.

You can look up the CLI commands to do everything, but I'm incredibly lazy :)

This solution uses PulseAudio to combine simultaneous outputs, and to remap the channels according to what speakers you have plugged in. You will need PulseAudio and ALSA capabilities. These are available through the package manager, or you can install this using the terminal with whatever package manager your Distro ships with.

pulseaudio
pulseaudio-alsa
pavucontrol
hdajackrestask
pipewire-server (If your distro comes with pipewire by default, most do. This just handles the preference of pulse audio in the case of Manjaro)
Some speakers (hopefully)

If your distro comes with pipewire, you'll need to disable pipewire entirely. This is due to the case of either Pulse or Pipewire becoming suspended, neither will be able to wake up and you will lose audio.

RE-ASSIGNING THE AUDIO JACKS

The first step will be to re-assign the audio jacks on the motherboard accordingly. This is where hdajackrestask comes in

https://preview.redd.it/je9lkm3nwoze1.png?width=618&format=png&auto=webp&s=c483a4dd0098d9bf3e120b0b036a374bd8f826d1

(https://preview.redd.it/how-to-create-a-surround-setup-by-combining-different-v0-y75puvy8roze1.png?width=618&format=png&auto=webp&s=c6c78d97a607220aac208ace5974923ce35ec76b)

Using hdajackretask, I was able to shift around what outputs on the back of my motherboard were for what channel. Since my studio monitors are my front channels, the "fronts" that came with my Logitech 5.1 setup are plugged in as side channels to create a full 7.1

So, I assigned the "Blue Line In" to be the side channel, the "Orange" to still be the Centre/LFE (Just to confirm that this was assigned correctly, orange is usually this by default) and Black to be the rear channels or "Back".

hdajackrestask won't let you apply this unless it detects a front channel. In this example, I just set the "Green Line In" to be the front channel, but I only have a dummy 3.5mm cable plugged into it with nothing attached. (This is because Windows Jack auto-detection destroyed my 7.1 setup at some point, you probably don't need a dummy plug for Linux)

The "Apply Now" button never worked for me, but please try that first. "Install boot override" will be the last button you

press, and upon restarting, you should now be able to select the "7.1" option in the audio settings for that line out device.

SCREENSHOT BEFORE RETASKING:

https://preview.redd.it/321izs3owoze1.png?width=215&format=png&auto=webp&s=cdd1b3ad3a5e7a1649daffd69e8c88cab6083c36

(https://preview.redd.it/how-to-create-a-surround-setup-by-combining-different-v0-2ambt9zjsoze1.png?width=215&format=png&auto=webp&s=dacd3ac987d13da6c6c0f90751ee5a5422ab1a41)

SCREENSHOT AFTER RETASKING:|

https://preview.redd.it/hf8tiyxowoze1.png?width=212&format=png&auto=webp&s=1e5078eaa701f12e6adb9741d04c075dd868a63e

(https://preview.redd.it/how-to-create-a-surround-setup-by-combining-different-v0-79c6d8vmsoze1.png?width=212&format=png&auto=webp&s=4fc268dd273b2489b6c74c58b37d6680c7b2194f)

Once you've selected the 7.1 Output option, we will need to enable simultaneous outputs via Pulse. This is where you will use "pavucontrol".

Open PulseAudio Preferences, and click the "Simultaneous Output" tab. Ticking "Add virtual output device for simultaneous output on all local sound cards" will allow us to later combine the two different outputs.

https://preview.redd.it/jvyk1zzpwoze1.png?width=631&format=png&auto=webp&s=0cd6de1bb4ec0a779d5821707b7d6eca94eac264

(https://preview.redd.it/how-to-create-a-surround-setup-by-combining-different-v0-3ncuk2a1toze1.png?width=631&format=png&auto=webp&s=32c48a3aedeff89d5bcddb3aed5cbdbc8ac9446e)

Now, we will need to do some terminal magic.

We will now combine the two audio outputs using "pacmd". One of the devices will be the master of the combination and the other will be a slave device.

Obviously my audio interface was stereo and my Logitech device was surround. If I set one or the other as the master, it would always default to which device has the least amount of channels. In this case, my audio interface is only capable of stereo, so the combination would only output stereo.

Pulse will only output whatever the lowest audio device in the combination is capable of (This also applies to sample rate and bit-depth, so please be mindful if you are using differing audio interfaces that they are capable of the same sample rate. It's ideal to leave these at 44100 or 44800)

To counter this, we will need to remap the stereo source as 7.1, so it is treated as a 7.1 device. Obviously, sound will only come out of the two speakers and no other channels can be heard because my audio interface doesn't have the 6 other channels plugged in.

First, we will need to find the name of the "sink". This is what Pulse calls the audio devices. Use the follow command to list the sinks:

pacmd list-sinks | grep name:

This will output something similar to this:

https://preview.redd.it/0tbp2q5rwoze1.png?width=780&format=png&auto=webp&s=13edfae19863b7721466405f84c82c5e75b4b4c9

(https://preview.redd.it/how-to-create-a-surround-setup-by-combining-different-v0-ccova9g1uoze1.png?width=780&format=png&auto=webp&s=aea0650a33c110898c47f634eca8f738a8d607fe)

In this case, I want "alsa_output.usb-BEHRINGER_UMC404_192k-00.analog-surround-40" to be seen as a 7.1 device, rather than just stereo.

Using this command, we are able to tell Pulse that my Behringer interface is a "7.1" device.

pacmd load-module module-remap-sink sink_name=remap71 master=alsa_output.usb-BEHRINGER_UMC404_192k-00.analog-surround-40 channels=8 channel_map=front-left,front-right,rear-left,rear-right,front-center,lfe,side-left,side-right master_channel_map=front-left,front-right,rear-left,rear-right,front-center,lfe,side-left,side-right remix=yes

This will add 8 channels and re-map the channels to include FL, FR, CE/LFE, RL RR, SR and SL. This remapped audio output will be labelled as the "remap71" sink.

Remix is used to upmix stereo sources into 7.1. This doesn't work in the traditional sense of upmixing, as the channels are still separated based on audio source. So if you are listening to 5.1 audio, it will correctly use the 5.1 channels, but if you are just listening to stereo, this will be upmixed to 7.1 as required.

Now that my audio interface is seen as