Waters of Memory – Telegram
Maps for the updated Paleolithic calculator 🦣
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Results of some Mesolithic groups
mtDNA frequencies of the Yamnaya culture
n=54
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”Others” includes C, I, J, K, N, and X. Only one sample for each of them
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Apologies, the Corded Ware frequencies were incorrect. I will remake it soon
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Haplogroup frequencies for the Bell Beaker culture
n=182
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More info on the sample who showed Y-DNA F
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Results for some regional averages
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Haplogroup frequencies of the Proto Indo-Iranian Sintashta culture 🏇
n=30
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All of the Q1a and R1b shown came from these high WSHG outliers
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Diagrams showing the line of descent from ANE to Bell Beakers
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Here are some models for the mixtures. The Globular and Megalithic input for SGC and Beakers is a bit overstated. Just an issue with G25
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Haplogroup frequencies of the Unetice culture 🗡️ n=114

The Unetice culture was an Early Bronze Age culture of East-Central Europe. They were descended from Eastern Bell Beaker groups and are commonly believed to have been ancestral to the Italo-Celtic languages.
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Haplogroup frequencies of Iron Age Insular Celts ⚔️ n=274

Credit to @jfoliveras on Instagram for the Briton Chieftain
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Haplogroup frequencies of Scandinavian Hunter-Gatherers (SHG) 🦌 n=27

SHG’s were a distinct genetic cluster of Mesolithic Europe. They were the result of EHG, migrating along the Northern coast, mixing with WHG’s migrating from the south and east. This is why Norwegian SHG’s had much more EHG ancestry than Swedish or Danish SHG’s.

The large majority belonged to WHG lineages (I2), although we do have one very interesting Norwegian sample (VK531) who belonged to a very old subclade of R1b. He had the same genetic profile as other Norwegian SHG’s, but is dated to only 2,400 BC! He was found in Northern Norway near Tromsø and is currently the youngest sample with a fully Mesolithic European genetic profile.

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In terms of phenotype, most Norwegian SHG’s are predicted to have been similar to EHG’s (dark hair and eyes + light skin), but many Swedish samples are predicted to have had light hair, eyes, and skin. This was a very uncommon combination for the Mesolithic. It’s believed that they inherited light hair and skin from EHG’s and light eyes from WHG’s.

The SHG genetic signal would die out over time, having contributed very little to no admixture to their Funnelbeaker/GAC EEF neighbors to the south. Incoming Corded Ware people only mixed with GAC, and over time replaced the last SHG-descended groups in Scandinavia.

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Haplogroup frequencies of Iron Age Scythians 🏇 n=85

Includes Scythians, Sarmatians, Cimmerians, and Saka (excluding the genetic outliers).

Credit to Evgeny Kray for the art of the Scythian warrior
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