Sources
https://www.britannica.com/topic/bull-papal

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_papal_bulls

https://www.facechangealliance.com/dumdiversas

https://globalhealth.emory.edu/_includes/documents/unsettling-truths_chapter-1.pdf

https://www.searchablemuseum.com/papal-bulls/

https://www.papalencyclicals.net/nichol05/romanus-pontifex.htm

https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/8aa95306-9256-443f-9e89-de5871874288/external_content.pdf

https://slaverylawpower.org/chapters/antecedents/romanus-pontifex/

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/nativevoices/timeline/171.html

https://archive.org/details/inter-caetera-papal-encyclicals-1493

https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/treaty-tordesillas

https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/21/543/

https://scholarship.shu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1169&context=shlr

https://revolution.chnm.org/d/335

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_Noir

https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2011/01/slavery-in-the-french-colonies/

https://slaverylawpower.org/nhprc-sample-documents/barbados-slave-code/

http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/18880/1/114.pdf

https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/8aa95306-9256-443f-9e89-de5871874288/external_content.pdf

https://san.beck.org/9-5-Spain&Portugal.html

https://www.savemyexams.com/gcse/history/aqa/16/aqa-british-depth-study/revision-notes/elizabethan-england-c1568-1603/troubles-home-abroad/conflict-spain/

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1992/02/22/Pope-asks-forgiveness-for-slave-trade/8666698734800/

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/feb/21/caribbean-leaders-slavery-reparations

SOUTH AFRICA IS PROUD FOR STANDING AGAINST IMPERIALISM

When South Africa opened a case against Israel at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on 29 December 2023, accusing Israel of committing acts of g*nocide in the Gaza Strip since 7 October 2023, the US opposed the case and continued its political and military support for Israel. South Africa says Israel has violated the 1948 UN Genocide Convention.

On 23 January 2025, South Africa's land expropriation law was signed by President Cyril Ramaphosa, allowing for limited cases of land expropriation to remedy the inequity that remains decades after dismantling apartheid.

Continued………Today, the white South African minority holds over 70 per cent of private farmland. In response, US President Donald Trump signed an executive order in February halting aid to South Africa. US politicians also regurgitated the unfounded claim that white supremacist groups in South Africa have repeated a so-called white genocide.

Many, including Julius Malema (@julius.malema.sello on IG, @julius_s_malema on X), president of the Economic Freedom Fighters (@effsouthafrica), have said US allegations are nothing but a punitive measure against South Africa for daring to bring legal actions against Israel at the ICJ.

In this clip from his conversation with BreakThrough News (@btnewsroom on X) hosts @EugenePuryear (on X) and @raniakhalek (on X), Thapelo Mohapi, General Secretary of South Africa's pro-democracy and land reclamation grassroots movement of over 150,000 shack dwellers, the Abahlali BasMjondolo (@abahlalibasemjondolo on IG and @abahlalibM on X), unpacks the claims.

Video credit: @btnewsroom (YouTube)

Sources

https://www.eui.eu/events?id=567397

https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/president-cyril-ramaphosa-assents-expropriation-bill-23-jan-2025

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvg9w4n6gp5o

https://www.chathamhouse.org/2024/01/south-africas-genocide-case-against-israel-international-court-justice-explained

https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/02/imposing-sanctions-on-the-international-criminal-court

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/mar/06/aid-trump-south-africa

https://www.gisreportsonline.com/r/south-africa-trump-cuts-aid/

https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2025-03-06-trumps-us-is-punishing-sa-for-supporting-palestine-against-apartheid-israel-says-malema/

PULITZER PRIZE-WINNING PALESTINIAN POET SCHOOLS JOURNO

You wouldn't normally criticise a talented poet on which words to use, especially if he had just won the Pulitzer Prize for commentary. Yet, that's what MSNBC journalist Catherine Rampell did with Palestinian poet Mosab Abu Toha (@mosab_abutoha on IG).

Rampell claimed Toha's criticism of Western media was controversial because he called out Israelis being referred to as ‘hostages’ while Palestinians are called ‘prisoners.’

What ensued was a masterful response from the 32-year-old Palestinian poet. In explaining how the Israeli military has inflicted violence on him and his family, Toha exposed the media's attempt to dehumanise Palestinians and delegitimise their suffering to justify the Western-backed 77-year occupation of their land.

Continued……Israel's ongoing military onslaught in Gaza has so far k*lled 53,010 Palestinian people, according to Gaza authorities. Many are women and children. The Economist estimates as many as 109,000 deaths, based on research by British medical journal The Lancet. In July 2024, The Lancet put the figure over 186,000.

Toha won the Pulitzer for ‘essays on the physical and emotional carnage in Gaza that combine deep reporting with the intimacy of memoir to convey the Palestinian experience of more than a year and a half’ of Israel’s onslaught on his homeland. He depicted the actions of imperialists in Western Asia, helping the world appreciate the human cost of colonialism and apartheid. Toha’s work earned him an award, but as he pointed out, the oppressors would not celebrate his achievement.

Maybe someone needs to tell Rampell (@crampell on IG) that words shape our understanding of the world.

Video credit: @MSNBC

Sources

https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/may/05/palestinian-poet-mosab-abu-toha-pulitzer

https://www.npr.org/trannoscripts/nx-s1-5153581

https://jewishchronicle.timesofisrael.com/freed-hostage-emily-damari-to-pulitzer-board-mosab-abu-toha-is-the-modern-day-equivalent-of-a-holocaust-denier

https://una-oic.org/en/palestinians/2025/05/06/The-death-toll-in-the-Gaza-Strip-rose-to-52615

https://investigate.afsc.org/tags/wall-and-checkpoints-palestine

https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20250321-un-records-highest-number-of-israeli-checkpoints-in-2-decades-across-occupied-palestinian-territory

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/2/us-gives-bunker-buster-bombs-to-israel-for-war-on-gaza-report

https://www.state.gov/military-assistance-to-israel

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cpvne94v1rdo

https://www.ynetnews.com/article/rj00ztjiakx

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/7/8/gaza-toll-could-exceed-186000-lancet-study-says

https://www.economist.com/interactive/middle-east-and-africa/2025/05/08/how-many-people-have-died-in-gaza

https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/10/1129942

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/7/8/gaza-toll-could-exceed-186000-lancet-study-says

https://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/2025

https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/gaza-death-toll-tops-53-000-as-israel-continues-its-genocide-against-palestinians/3568927

https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2025/5/15/one-long-nakba-palestinians-mark-77-years-since-mass-expulsion-by-israel

BOKO HARAM USING ISRAEL-UKRAINE-STYLE DRONES

The Nigerian Army has confirmed that Boko Haram is now using armed drones in its northeast region. These drones are harder to detect on radar, making defence more difficult. Senior military official Major General Abdulsalam Abubakar said these drones are similar to those used in Israel and Ukraine. He also noted that insurgents have shifted tactics to launch coordinated attacks on vulnerable military positions and use such events for propaganda.

While Boko Haram formed in 2002 and took up arms in 2009, the West backing rebels who ousted Libya’s Muammar Gaddafi (1942-2011) through the 2011 US-led NATO invasion added fuel to the fire. The ensuing chaos allowed Libyan weapons and ‘rebels’ to pour into Africa’s Sahel region.