The 'Jim Crow' era of the late 19th century in the United States is one you hear of often. However, do you know what Jim Crow entailed?
Swipe through these slides for key facts on how the US institutionalised socio-economic and political discrimination against Black people.
Swipe through these slides for key facts on how the US institutionalised socio-economic and political discrimination against Black people.
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Continued…..Sources
https://jimcrowmuseum.ferris.edu/timeline/jimcrow.htm
https://www.facinghistory.org/resource-library/understanding-jim-crow-setting-setting
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/freedom-riders-jim-crow-laws/
https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/jim-crow-era
https://jimcrowmuseum.ferris.edu/what.htm
https://library.law.howard.edu/civilrightshistory/blackrights/jimcrow
https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/civil-war-reconstruction/jim-crow-laws-andracial-segregation/
https://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/history/1-segregated/jim-crow.html
https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/jim-crow-segregation/
https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/black-codes-and-jim-crow-laws
https://www.oregonhistoryproject.org/articles/historical-records/act-to-prohibit-the-intermarriage-of-races-1866
https://jimcrowmuseum.ferris.edu/timeline/jimcrow.htm
https://www.facinghistory.org/resource-library/understanding-jim-crow-setting-setting
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/freedom-riders-jim-crow-laws/
https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/jim-crow-era
https://jimcrowmuseum.ferris.edu/what.htm
https://library.law.howard.edu/civilrightshistory/blackrights/jimcrow
https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/eras/civil-war-reconstruction/jim-crow-laws-andracial-segregation/
https://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/history/1-segregated/jim-crow.html
https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/jim-crow-segregation/
https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/black-codes-and-jim-crow-laws
https://www.oregonhistoryproject.org/articles/historical-records/act-to-prohibit-the-intermarriage-of-races-1866
Facing History & Ourselves
Understanding Jim Crow (Setting the Setting)
David Cunningham, chair of the Department of Sociology at Brandeis University, explores systems of racial separation and institutionalized segregation known as Jim Crow.
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PIETER KRIEL: POLITICAL FREEDOM WITHOUT ECONOMIC POWER IS A SCAM
In this clip, author and activist Pieter Kriel describes South Africa’s democracy as a ceasefire rather than a peace, and he is not mistaken.
Despite Black South Africans holding political power since 1994, they have remained systematically locked out of the country’s white-controlled economic engine.
The African National Congress (ANC), the party that led the way to South Africa’s independence from white rule, ascended to power with promises based on the Freedom Charter, which called for land reform and equal rights. However, under pressure from foreign actors, including the International Monetary Fund and World Bank, the ANC government welcomed free trade and privatisation. It also introduced a ‘willing buyer, willing seller’ policy that restricted land reform.
In this clip, author and activist Pieter Kriel describes South Africa’s democracy as a ceasefire rather than a peace, and he is not mistaken.
Despite Black South Africans holding political power since 1994, they have remained systematically locked out of the country’s white-controlled economic engine.
The African National Congress (ANC), the party that led the way to South Africa’s independence from white rule, ascended to power with promises based on the Freedom Charter, which called for land reform and equal rights. However, under pressure from foreign actors, including the International Monetary Fund and World Bank, the ANC government welcomed free trade and privatisation. It also introduced a ‘willing buyer, willing seller’ policy that restricted land reform.
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Continued……As of 2022, white settlers owned 72 per cent of private agricultural land, and according to the World Bank, South Africa is the world’s most unequal country. Just as Kriel explains, Black townships are still crowded, schools are underfinanced, and youth unemployment stands at 45.5 per cent, based on a 2024 report done by the Department of Statistics South Africa. Meanwhile, predominantly white suburbs are retrofitted with electric fences as hunger drives protests amongst working-class communities.
Throughout the continent, liberation movements have taken control only to discover that they inherited colonial economies built to extract, not develop. From Nigeria’s oil wealth, which has not benefited most Nigerians, to Kenya’s colonial land grabbing, most postcolonial African states remain in economic bondage.
Until Africans reclaim land, labour, and capital, any claim of freedom is token.
Video credit: @pieterkrielorg (X)
Sources
https://pip.worldbank.org/country-profiles/ZAF
https://www.anc1912.org.za/the-freedom-charter-2/
https://www.reuters.com/graphics/SAFRICA-ELECTION/ECONOMY/egpbonzrgvq/
https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099125003072240961/pdf/P1649270b73f1f0b5093fb0e644d33bc6f1.pdf
https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201802/landauditreport13feb2018.pdf
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-10-29/whites-own-73-of-south-africa-s-farming-land-city-press-says
https://www.statssa.gov.za/?p=17266
https://www.statista.com/topics/6914/oil-industry-in-nigeria/#:~:text=With%2015%20operating%20pipelines%20and,the%20value%20of%20all%20exports.
https://mokoro.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/pol_econ_land_reform_sa.pdf
Throughout the continent, liberation movements have taken control only to discover that they inherited colonial economies built to extract, not develop. From Nigeria’s oil wealth, which has not benefited most Nigerians, to Kenya’s colonial land grabbing, most postcolonial African states remain in economic bondage.
Until Africans reclaim land, labour, and capital, any claim of freedom is token.
Video credit: @pieterkrielorg (X)
Sources
https://pip.worldbank.org/country-profiles/ZAF
https://www.anc1912.org.za/the-freedom-charter-2/
https://www.reuters.com/graphics/SAFRICA-ELECTION/ECONOMY/egpbonzrgvq/
https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099125003072240961/pdf/P1649270b73f1f0b5093fb0e644d33bc6f1.pdf
https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201802/landauditreport13feb2018.pdf
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-10-29/whites-own-73-of-south-africa-s-farming-land-city-press-says
https://www.statssa.gov.za/?p=17266
https://www.statista.com/topics/6914/oil-industry-in-nigeria/#:~:text=With%2015%20operating%20pipelines%20and,the%20value%20of%20all%20exports.
https://mokoro.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/pol_econ_land_reform_sa.pdf
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Ghana’s economy appears to be on the mend, with the latest economic data showing cooling inflation and a national currency steadily gaining value.
Under President John Dramani Mahama, who was inaugurated for a second term in January, the gold-rich West African state is implementing a range of fiscal reforms to balance its budget after years of dependency on bailouts from neo-colonial institutions such as the IMF and the World Bank.
Swipe on for details on Mahama’s bold policies to revive Ghana - including establishing diplomatic relations with the neighbouring Alliance of Sahel States (AES).
Under President John Dramani Mahama, who was inaugurated for a second term in January, the gold-rich West African state is implementing a range of fiscal reforms to balance its budget after years of dependency on bailouts from neo-colonial institutions such as the IMF and the World Bank.
Swipe on for details on Mahama’s bold policies to revive Ghana - including establishing diplomatic relations with the neighbouring Alliance of Sahel States (AES).
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Continued…….Sources
https://isd.gov.gh/ghanas-economy-shows-strong-recovery-as-inflation-drops-to-21-2/
https://africa.businessinsider.com/local/markets/ghanas-economic-recovery-continues-thanks-to-the-worlds-best-currency/49kk2x8
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-05-07/world-s-best-currency-subdues-ghana-inflation-to-eight-month-low
https://thevoiceofafrica.com/2025/06/02/ghanas-cedi-becomes-worlds-best-performing-currency-in-2025/
https://wadr.org/world-bank-warns-ghana-against-early-return-to-capital-markets/
https://archive.ph/pgDIn
https://african.business/2025/05/long-reads/ghana-eyes-greater-share-of-gold-revenues-amid-bull-market
https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/Ghana-made-2-7-billion-from-Goldbod-in-four-months-President-Mahama-1986383
https://isd.gov.gh/gold-board-generates-2-7-billion-in-four-months-as-government-shifts-mining-strategy/
https://www.johnmahama.org/files/shares/FAQs-on-Mahamas-24-hour-strategy.pdf
https://presidency.gov.gh/ghana-is-safe-president-satisfied-with-plans-to-roll-out-24-hour-economy/
https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/opinion/ghana-news-implementing-mahamas-24-hour-economy-goals-expected-results-foundation.html
https://african.business/2025/01/trade-investment/mahama-plans-launch-of-ghanas-24-hour-economy
https://archive.ph/uJcvk
https://westafricaweekly.com/ghana-president-mahama-appoints-special-envoy-to-aes-strengthens-ties-amid-tension-with-ecowas/
https://africa.dailynewsegypt.com/ghana-burkina-faso-sign-energy-security-deals-as-mahama-concludes-sahel-tour/
https://isd.gov.gh/ghanas-economy-shows-strong-recovery-as-inflation-drops-to-21-2/
https://africa.businessinsider.com/local/markets/ghanas-economic-recovery-continues-thanks-to-the-worlds-best-currency/49kk2x8
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-05-07/world-s-best-currency-subdues-ghana-inflation-to-eight-month-low
https://thevoiceofafrica.com/2025/06/02/ghanas-cedi-becomes-worlds-best-performing-currency-in-2025/
https://wadr.org/world-bank-warns-ghana-against-early-return-to-capital-markets/
https://archive.ph/pgDIn
https://african.business/2025/05/long-reads/ghana-eyes-greater-share-of-gold-revenues-amid-bull-market
https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/Ghana-made-2-7-billion-from-Goldbod-in-four-months-President-Mahama-1986383
https://isd.gov.gh/gold-board-generates-2-7-billion-in-four-months-as-government-shifts-mining-strategy/
https://www.johnmahama.org/files/shares/FAQs-on-Mahamas-24-hour-strategy.pdf
https://presidency.gov.gh/ghana-is-safe-president-satisfied-with-plans-to-roll-out-24-hour-economy/
https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/opinion/ghana-news-implementing-mahamas-24-hour-economy-goals-expected-results-foundation.html
https://african.business/2025/01/trade-investment/mahama-plans-launch-of-ghanas-24-hour-economy
https://archive.ph/uJcvk
https://westafricaweekly.com/ghana-president-mahama-appoints-special-envoy-to-aes-strengthens-ties-amid-tension-with-ecowas/
https://africa.dailynewsegypt.com/ghana-burkina-faso-sign-energy-security-deals-as-mahama-concludes-sahel-tour/
isd.gov.gh
KOKITOTO : Situs Toto Slot Resmi Tanpa Potongan & Bandar Togel 4D Gampang Menang
KOKITOTO adalah situs resmi untuk bermain toto slot tanpa potongan dan togel 4D terpercaya. Menyediakan pasaran lengkap, transaksi cepat, dan peluang menang tinggi setiap hari.
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A regional African economic and security bloc has blocked Rwanda from assuming the rotating chairmanship - prompting Kigali to quit in protest. The Economic Community of Central African States’ decision is seen as punishment for Rwanda’s role in the conflict in eastern DR Congo, with mounting evidence pointing to Kigali using proxies such as the M23 rebel group to destabilise the region and secure its Western backers’ resource interests. But the Rwandan side sees it as a sign the bloc is no longer credible. Swipe through for a breakdown of the key facts.
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