Dhammapada Verse 387
Anandatthera Vatthu

Diva tapati adicco
ratti mabhati candima
sannaddho khattiyo tapati
jhayi tapati brahmano
atha sabbamahorattim
buddho tapati tejasa.

Verse 387: By day shines the sun; by night shines the moon; in regalia shines the king; in meditation shines the arahat; but the Buddha in his glory shines at all times, by day and by night.

The Story of Thera Ananda

While residing at the Pubbarama monastery, the Buddha uttered Verse (387) of this book, with reference to the Venerable Ananda.

It was the full moon day of the seventh month (Assayuja) when King Pasenadi of Kosala came to visit the Buddha. The king was then resplendent in his full royal regalia. At that time, Thera Kaludayi was also present in the same room sitting at the edge of the congregation. He was in deep mental absorption (jhana), his body bright and golden. In the sky, the Venerable Ananda noticed that the sun was setting and the moon was just coming out, both the sun and the moon radiating rays of light.

The Venerable Ananda looked at the shining splendour of the king, of the thera, and of the sun and the moon. Finally, the Venerable Ananda looked at the Buddha and he suddenly perceived that the light that was then radiating from the Buddha far surpassed the light shining from the others. Seeing the Buddha in his glory and splendour, the Venerable Ananda immediately approached the Buddha and burst forth, "O Venerable Sir! The light that shines forth from your noble body far surpasses the light from the king, the light from the thera, the light from the sun and the light from the moon."

To him the Buddha spoke in verse as follows:
Verse 387: By day shines the sun; by night shines the moon; in regalia shines the king; in meditation shines the arahat; but the Buddha in his glory shines at all times, by day and by night.

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Dhammapada Verse 388
Annatarabrahmana Pabbajita Vatthu

Bahitapapoti brahmano
samacariya1 "samano" ti vuccati
pabbajayamattano malam
tasma "pabbajito2" ti vuccati.

Verse 388: Because he has discarded evil he is called a 'brahmana'; because he lives calmly he is called a 'samana'; and because he gets rid of his impurities he is called a 'pabbajita'.

1. samacariya: lit., living calmly, i.e., practising for eradication of moral defilements.

2. pabbajita: one who leaves the household life for the homeless life of a recluse; in Buddhism it means one who has given up the impurities of the household life to become a bhikkhu.

The Story of a Brahmin Recluse

While residing at the Jetavana monastery, the Buddha uttered Verse (388) of this book, with reference to a brahmin ascetic.

Once there was a brahmin ascetic in Savatthi. One day, it occurred to him that the Buddha called his disciples pabbajita bhikkhus and since he also was a recluse, he should also be called a pabbajita. So he went to the Buddha and posed the question why he should not be called a pabbajita. The Buddha's answer to him was this: "Just because one is a recluse one does not automatically become a pabbajita; a pabbajita must have other qualifications also."

Then the Buddha spoke in verse as follows:
Verse 388: Because he has discarded evil he is called a 'brahmana'; because he lives calmly he is called a 'samana'; and because he gets rid of his impurities he is called a 'pabbajita'.

At the end of the discourse the brahmin attained Sotapatti Fruition.


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Dhammapada Verses 389 and 390
Sariputtatthera Vatthu

Na brahmanassa pahareyya
nassa muncetha brahmano
dhi brahmanassa hantaram
tato dhi yassa muncati.

Na brahmanasse' tadakinci seyyo
yada nisedho manaso piyehi
yato yato himsamano nivattati
tato tato sammatimeva dukkham.

Verse 389: One should not strike a brahmana; a brahmana should not get angry with his assailant; it is shameful to strike a brahmana; it is more shameful to get angry with one's assailant.

Verse 390: For a brahmana there is no benefit at all if he does not restrain from anger to which his mind is prone. Inasmuch as one desists from the intention to harm, to that extent dukkha ceases.

The Story of Thera Sariputta

While residing at the Jetavana monastery, the Buddha uttered Verses (389) and (390) of this book, with reference to the Venerable Sariputta.

The Venerable Sariputta was often praised by many people for his patience and forbearance. His pupils usually said of him thus: "Our teacher is a man of great patience and extreme endurance. If he is abused or even beaten by others, he does not lose his temper but remains calm and composed." As this was often said of the Venerable Sariputta, a brahmin holding wrong views declared to the admirers of Sariputta that he would provoke the Venerable Sariputta into anger. At that moment, the Venerable Sariputta, who was on his alms-round, appeared on the scene; the brahmin went after him and hit him hard on his back with his hand. The thera did not even look round to see who was the person that attacked him, but proceeded on his way as if nothing had happened. Seeing the magnanimity and great fortitude of the noble thera, the brahmin was very much shaken. He got down on his knees at the feet of the Venerable Sariputta, admitted that he had wrongfully hit the thera, and asked for pardon. The brahmin then continued, "Venerable Sir, should you forgive me, kindly come to my house for alms-food."

In the evening, other bhikkhus reported to the Buddha that the Venerable Sariputta had gone for alms-food to the house of a brahmin who had beaten him. Further, they observed that the brahmin was sure to get bolder and he would soon be assaulting other bhikkhus also. To those bhikkhus, the Buddha replied, "Bhikkhus, a true brahmana does not beat another true brahmana; only an ordinary man or an ordinary brahmin would beat an arahat in anger and ill will. This ill will should be eradicated by Anagami Magga."

Then the Buddha spoke in verse as follows:

Verse 389: One should not strike a brahmana; a brahmana should not get angry with his assailant; it is shameful to strike a brahmana; it is more shameful to get angry with one's assailant.

Verse 390: For a brahmana there is no benefit at all if he does not restrain from anger to which his mind is prone. Inasmuch as one desists from the intention to harm, to that extent dukkha ceases.

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by Godwin Samararatne

Trannoscripts of teachings during meditation retreats by Godwin Samararatne in Hong Kong.

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The Gentle Way of Buddhist Meditation
by Godwin Samararatne

Trannoscripts of teachings during meditation retreats by Godwin Samararatne in Hong Kong.

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Anapanasati Mindfulness With Breathing
By Buddhadasa Bhikkhu

Part 1 of 2

PRACTICING FUNDAMENTAL TRUTHS

The next benefit is that we are able to practice in line with the principle of paticca-samuppada (dependent origination, conditioned arising). The theory of paticca-samuppada is complex and lengthy. For those of you who are not familiar with it, conditioned arising explains the causal origination of dukkha. A series of causes, each dependent on a previous cause, leads to suffering. The Lord Buddha taught many variations on this theme, but because of its great subtlety and profundity it is difficult to understand. Do study it. But once we come to its practical application, dependent origination is exquisitely simple. In practice, it all boils down to having sati in the moment of phassa (sense contact) and that is all. Phassa is the meeting of an internal sense organ, a corresponding external sense object, and the appropriate type of sense consciousness (vinnana). Merely having sati in the moment of phassa solves all the possible problems of paticca-samuppada completely. That is, before conditioned arising can develop have sati right there at contact. Do not let it be ignorant phassa. Then that contact will not lead to ignorant feeling and ignorant feeling will not lead to foolish craving (tanha). It all stops there. This is another advantage of training in Anapanasati. It makes sati sufficiently abundant and fast, qualified enough, to perform its duty in the moment of phassa and stop the stream of paticca-samuppada just then and there. This is an enormous benefit of practicing Anapanasati.

Another benefit is that we are able to practice according to the principle of the four ariya-sacca with ease and completeness. You all have heard and know about the four noble truths. The essence of this law is that dukkha is born out of ignorant desire (tanha). If there is tanha, there must be dukkha. When we are able to use sati to stop tanha and break it off, there is no dukkha. Through preventing ignorant sense experience (phassa), there is no ignorant feeling (vedana) and tanha is not stirred up. This is the best, most beneficial way to practice the four noble truths. Stop tanha through the speed and power of the sati developed by practicing Anapanasati in all four tetrads (body, feelings, mind and dhamma).

THE HEART OF THE TRIPLE GEM

A further benefit is that Anapanasati easily, completely, and perfectly brings us the Triple Gem (ti-ratana), the Three Refuges of Buddhism. This is because the essence or nucleus of the Buddha, The Dhamma, and the Sangha is in cleanliness-clarity-calm (purity- radiance-tranquility). The state of citta that is clean-clear-calm is the essence of Buddha-Dhamma-Sangha. Please be careful about these three words. The Lord Buddha is not some physical body. Rather, the state in the mind that is clean-clear-calm is the true Lord Buddha. In seeing the Dhamma, the Buddha is seen. The heart of the Dhamma is this cleanliness-clarity-calm itself. Then, the Sangha are those who through successful practice have clean-clear-calm minds. All three words are most important. The first person to realize perfect cleanliness-clarity-calm is called "the Buddha," that Truth realized is called "the Dhamma," and the people who can follow and practice accordingly are called "the Sangha." When we practice Anapanasati we make our citta clean-clear-calm, as we have explained in detail throughout these lectures. These qualities are the fruit of viraga, nirodha, and patinissagga (steps fourteen through sixteen). Through them there is cleanliness-clarity-calm, thereby there is easily the genuine Buddha-Dhamma-Sangha in our mind- hearts. This is another of Anapanasati's unsurpassed benefits.

BUDDHISM IN ITS ENTIRETY

Now, the next benefit is that in practicing Anapanasati we practice the most fundamental principle of Buddhism, namely, sila- samadhi-panna. These three factors are wholly present in the practitioner of Anapanasati. The unshakeable determination to practice is sila (virtue).

When the mind is set on correct action, that is sila altogether. In the intention necessary to practice every step of Anapanasati there is automatically a natural sila without us having to practice it in particular. Then, there will be samadhi (concentration) as well. Because of this intention, we practice until samadhi arises. Then panna (wisdom) develops, especially in the fourth tetrad which is the most perfect wisdom. In practicing Anapanasati correctly the most fundamental principle of Buddhism is fulfilled, it leads to sila-samadhi-panna in full measure. This is an enormous benefit: practicing Buddhism in its entirety.

When we speak concisely, we talk about sila-samadhi-panna. If we want to go into more complete detail, we talk about the seven bojjhanga (factors of awakening). There is a statement of the Buddha which asserts that fully practicing the sixteen steps of Anapanasati perfects the four satipatthana (foundations of mindfulness). Through the perfection of the four satipatthana (body, feeling, mind, and Dhamma, i.e., the objects of the four tetrads), the seven bojjhanga are perfected. Then full awakening is assured. The seven bojjhanga are the very factors which lead to the enlightenment of the arahant (a human being who is liberated from all dukkha). It would take hours to go into all the details. Now, we only have time to give the names of these factors for you to hear: sati, dhammavicaya (investigation of Dhamma), viriya (effort, energy), piti (contentment, satisfaction), passaddhi (tranquility), samadhi (concentration, collectedness), and upekkha (equanimity, even-mindedness). These seven factors are complete when Anapanasati is complete. When these seven factors are complete, perfect awakening is assured.

Although we do not have enough time now to explain further, please understand that the seven bojjhanga are a sure thing when Anapanasati is practiced completely. The recorded words of the Buddha state this clearly. You can verify its truth by yourself.

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Tiger Cave Temple, Wat Tham Suea, Krabi, Thailand.

“Monks, if while walking, a thought of sense desire or ill will or harmfulness arises in a monk, and if he allows it to stay and does not reject it, does not quickly abandon it, does not get rid of it, and does not bring it to an end, that monk— lacking in energy and unafraid of wrongdoing—is often and continually called lazy and weak in his effort.

Whether walking, standing, sitting, or lying down, a monk who has evil thoughts related to sense pleasures is following a wrong path. Infatuated with delusory things, he is not capable of achieving supreme enlightenment.

Whether walking, standing, sitting, or lying down, a monk who overcomes evil thoughts and delights in the stilling of thoughts is capable of achieving supreme enlightenment.

Partially excerpted from Itivuttaka 110 : Carasutta

Anapanasati Mindfulness With Breathing
By Buddhadasa Bhikkhu

Part 2 of 2


NIBBANA HERE AND NOW

Now, we come to the most positive benefit obtained through the practice of mindfulness with breathing, namely, we will have nibbana in this life, without needing to die. We mean nibbana here and now, the type where we do not need to die, the kind that has nothing to do with death. "Nibbana" means "coolness." The word 'nibbuto" also means "coolness." If it is only temporary coolness, not continual, and not yet perfect, we call it "nibbuto." Nevertheless, the flavor is the same as perfect nibbana. Nibbuto is like the sample a salesman shows of the product we actually buy. They must be alike. Here we have a sample of nibbana to taste for a little while. We call it temporary nibbana or samayika-nibbana.

Coolness also can be the nibbana that happens due to "that factor." In Pali it is called "that factor," which means something like "coincidental." For example, when there is sati on the breath, the citta is cool. Anapanasati is "that factor," the agent, the cause, that affects the coolness here. This is tadariga-nibbana, coincidental nibbana. This coolness occurs because when there is no defilement the citta is cool. When there is no fire, there is coolness. Here, Anapanasati gets rid of the fires, the defilements. Although it is only temporary, the fire goes away and there is coolness for a while. There is nibbana for a while, due to "that factor," that tool, namely Anapanasati. Although momentary, not yet perfect and perpetual, the flavor of nibbana is savored as a sample or taste. Anapanasati helps us to sample nibbana little by little, moment by moment, during this very life. And nothing has to die. Then, coolness's duration is lengthened, its extent is broadened, and the frequency is increased until there is perfect nibbana. This is the benefit which I consider most satisfying or most positive. If you can do it.

Make sure that you understand this word nibbana correctly. It means "cool" and has nothing to do with dying. If it is the kind of nibbana associated with death, such as the death of an arahant, we use another word, "parinibbana. Just "nibbana" without the prefix 'pari," simply means "cool," the absence of heat. Imagine that everything is going right for you: you have good health, economic security, a good family, good friends, and good surroundings. Then, this life of yours is cool according to the meaning of nibbana. It may not be perfect nibbana, because it must include a cool mind to be perfect, but it is cool just the same.

The word 'nibbana" means "cool." It even can be used regarding material things. A burning charcoal that gradually cools down until no longer hot is said to "nibbana." When soup is too hot to eat, wait for it to cool off, then we can say that the soup is nibbana enough to eat. It might be applied even to fierce and dangerous animals captured from the forest, then, tamed and trained until fully domesticated. They can be said to nibbana as well. In the Pali texts, this same word is used regarding material things, animals, and peo- ple. If something is cool rather than hot it is nibbana in one sense or another. And it need not die. We will receive the most satisfying sort of nibbang cool in body, cool in mind, cool in all respects through practicing Anapanasati

In short, we have a cool life here and now, namely, nibbana in the sense we have explained just now. In Pali, this is called 'nibbuto," meaning "one who is cooled" or "one who has nibbana." That state is called "nibbana." That kind of person is called "nibbuto.

THE LAST BREATH

There are many other benefits to the practice of Anapanasati that we could mention, but it would take hours, which is more than you listeners and we speakers can handle. Allow us, however, to mention one last item: we will know the last breath of our life. That is, we will know the breath in which we will die. This does not mean that we will choose the moment of death.