Using the neolithic calculator on WSH’s provides a bit more insight into their ancestry. Most probably did have some Neolithic Iranian dna that most likely came with CHG admixture. Some Yamnaya had a small amount of WSHG admixture. In the eastern ones it most likely came from Kumsay-related admixture, while in the Caucasus probably from interactions with the Steppe Maykop
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Addendum: The likely reason the Botai have some extra EHG is because their steppe ancestry comes from WSH and not steppe eneolithic. Steppe eneolithic were relatively more CHG-rich being about 52/48% EHG/CHG. When I model them using WSH both the kumsay and steppe maykop show extra CHG, indicating they were descended from older steppe eneolithic tribes and not WSH
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Forwarded from Genos Historia (Samuel Andrews)
Grave goods from a Corded Ware barrow in the Netherlands.
Battle Axe, Stone axe, Flint Blade, and Beaker vessel.
The man was buried under a burial mound. Barrow=Burial mound.
Wentink, K. (2020). The role of grave sets in Corded Ware and Bell Beaker funerary practices. Sidestone Press. Page 33, Figure 3.2
Battle Axe, Stone axe, Flint Blade, and Beaker vessel.
The man was buried under a burial mound. Barrow=Burial mound.
Wentink, K. (2020). The role of grave sets in Corded Ware and Bell Beaker funerary practices. Sidestone Press. Page 33, Figure 3.2
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Forwarded from Genos Historia (Samuel Andrews)
Grave goods from a Bell beaker barrow in the Netherlands.
Arrow heads, wrist guard, and a Beaker vessel.
He has a different weapon than his Corded Ware ancestors did. He has arrow heads instead of a battle axe. But he has still a weapon. His burial is continuation of the same “warrior” burial tradition.
Wentink, K. (2020). The role of grave sets in Corded Ware and Bell Beaker funerary practices. Sidestone Press.
Arrow heads, wrist guard, and a Beaker vessel.
He has a different weapon than his Corded Ware ancestors did. He has arrow heads instead of a battle axe. But he has still a weapon. His burial is continuation of the same “warrior” burial tradition.
Wentink, K. (2020). The role of grave sets in Corded Ware and Bell Beaker funerary practices. Sidestone Press.
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Baltic Hunter Gatherers:
During the mesolithic and neolithic the East Baltic region was inhabited by hunter gatherers who, like mesolithic Scandinavians and Ukrainians, harbored mixed ancestry between WHG and EHG.
For most of the mesolithic and early neolithic WHG DNA was predominant, excluding a few of the more northern samples in Latvia and Estonia.
Later into the neolithic we see a massive shift towards EHG dna. Among the early Comb Ceramic culture samples we can see some were largely the same as the earlier Narva samples, but some were nearly pure EHG’s and likely migrants from the north. These migrants would shift the DNA considerably, with later Comb Ceramic samples being ~65-70% EHG on average.
This shift was also portrayed in their haplogroups. Earlier samples being mostly R1b and I2, while the later Comb Ceramic samples were entirely R1a and R1b
During the mesolithic and neolithic the East Baltic region was inhabited by hunter gatherers who, like mesolithic Scandinavians and Ukrainians, harbored mixed ancestry between WHG and EHG.
For most of the mesolithic and early neolithic WHG DNA was predominant, excluding a few of the more northern samples in Latvia and Estonia.
Later into the neolithic we see a massive shift towards EHG dna. Among the early Comb Ceramic culture samples we can see some were largely the same as the earlier Narva samples, but some were nearly pure EHG’s and likely migrants from the north. These migrants would shift the DNA considerably, with later Comb Ceramic samples being ~65-70% EHG on average.
This shift was also portrayed in their haplogroups. Earlier samples being mostly R1b and I2, while the later Comb Ceramic samples were entirely R1a and R1b
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Scandinavian Hunter Gatherers:
As mentioned in my last post, Scandinavia was also home to a mixed WHG-EHG population during the mesolithic.
After the last glacial maximum ended, WHG’s of the Villabruna cluster migrated north into Scandinavia. Later, EHG’s migrated along the northern coast down into Norway and then into Sweden, mixing with the WHG’s as they went. This migration route is reflected in the genetic data, with northern and western samples having the highest amount of EHG ancestry.
In terms of haplogroups, all of the mesolithic SHG samples were found to be Y-DNA I2 and mtdna U, indicating that most of the mixing was between EHG females and WHG males. Only one SHG sample was found to be R1b. This sample (VK531) is an interesting one. Dated to around 2,400 BC it is the youngest sample with a fully mesolithic-European genetic profile. It’s also the oldest sample of R1b in Scandinavia that we’ve found so far
As mentioned in my last post, Scandinavia was also home to a mixed WHG-EHG population during the mesolithic.
After the last glacial maximum ended, WHG’s of the Villabruna cluster migrated north into Scandinavia. Later, EHG’s migrated along the northern coast down into Norway and then into Sweden, mixing with the WHG’s as they went. This migration route is reflected in the genetic data, with northern and western samples having the highest amount of EHG ancestry.
In terms of haplogroups, all of the mesolithic SHG samples were found to be Y-DNA I2 and mtdna U, indicating that most of the mixing was between EHG females and WHG males. Only one SHG sample was found to be R1b. This sample (VK531) is an interesting one. Dated to around 2,400 BC it is the youngest sample with a fully mesolithic-European genetic profile. It’s also the oldest sample of R1b in Scandinavia that we’ve found so far
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The location where the VK531 sample was found. He is evidence of a late survival of hunter gatherer DNA in the far north of Europe. It’s possible they survived long enough to come into contact with early Sámi migrants, which could explain the high amount of mesolithic European DNA in modern Sámi
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Forwarded from Genos Historia (Samuel Andrews)
New blog post by Davidski on what the HARVARD LAB got wrong about the origins of the Khvalnksy culture.
Dear David, Nick, Iosif...let's set the record straight
https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2023/01/dear-david-nick-iosiflets-set-record.html
*Btw, the men he is referring to in the noscript are Harvard scientists. He is directing this blog post to them.
Dear David, Nick, Iosif...let's set the record straight
https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2023/01/dear-david-nick-iosiflets-set-record.html
*Btw, the men he is referring to in the noscript are Harvard scientists. He is directing this blog post to them.
Blogspot
Dear David, Nick, Iosif...let's set the record straight
Almost a decade ago, scientists at the David Reich Lab extracted DNA from the remains of three men from the Khvalynsk II Eneolithic cemetery...
Below are simple but very reliable models for Khvalynsk. They were mostly a 50/50 mix of south migrating EHG’s and Progress eneolithic from the southern steppe region
Chart showing the relationship between early Eurasian samples from before 30,000 years ago
The most interesting aspect is how the Salkhit sample from modern Mongolia shares some DNA with the Yana RHS samples (Ancient North Siberians)
Given the age of the Salkhit sample, this means early West Eurasians were in Eastern Siberia at least 34,000 years ago. In fact, some studies suggest they were there as early as 38,000 years ago
This would also indicate the West Eurasian component in ANS (and later ANE) is Aurignacian in origin, rather than Gravettian
Source for the chart: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346575040_Denisovan_ancestry_and_population_history_of_early_East_Asians
The most interesting aspect is how the Salkhit sample from modern Mongolia shares some DNA with the Yana RHS samples (Ancient North Siberians)
Given the age of the Salkhit sample, this means early West Eurasians were in Eastern Siberia at least 34,000 years ago. In fact, some studies suggest they were there as early as 38,000 years ago
This would also indicate the West Eurasian component in ANS (and later ANE) is Aurignacian in origin, rather than Gravettian
Source for the chart: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346575040_Denisovan_ancestry_and_population_history_of_early_East_Asians
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