Baltic Hunter Gatherers:
During the mesolithic and neolithic the East Baltic region was inhabited by hunter gatherers who, like mesolithic Scandinavians and Ukrainians, harbored mixed ancestry between WHG and EHG.
For most of the mesolithic and early neolithic WHG DNA was predominant, excluding a few of the more northern samples in Latvia and Estonia.
Later into the neolithic we see a massive shift towards EHG dna. Among the early Comb Ceramic culture samples we can see some were largely the same as the earlier Narva samples, but some were nearly pure EHG’s and likely migrants from the north. These migrants would shift the DNA considerably, with later Comb Ceramic samples being ~65-70% EHG on average.
This shift was also portrayed in their haplogroups. Earlier samples being mostly R1b and I2, while the later Comb Ceramic samples were entirely R1a and R1b
During the mesolithic and neolithic the East Baltic region was inhabited by hunter gatherers who, like mesolithic Scandinavians and Ukrainians, harbored mixed ancestry between WHG and EHG.
For most of the mesolithic and early neolithic WHG DNA was predominant, excluding a few of the more northern samples in Latvia and Estonia.
Later into the neolithic we see a massive shift towards EHG dna. Among the early Comb Ceramic culture samples we can see some were largely the same as the earlier Narva samples, but some were nearly pure EHG’s and likely migrants from the north. These migrants would shift the DNA considerably, with later Comb Ceramic samples being ~65-70% EHG on average.
This shift was also portrayed in their haplogroups. Earlier samples being mostly R1b and I2, while the later Comb Ceramic samples were entirely R1a and R1b
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Scandinavian Hunter Gatherers:
As mentioned in my last post, Scandinavia was also home to a mixed WHG-EHG population during the mesolithic.
After the last glacial maximum ended, WHG’s of the Villabruna cluster migrated north into Scandinavia. Later, EHG’s migrated along the northern coast down into Norway and then into Sweden, mixing with the WHG’s as they went. This migration route is reflected in the genetic data, with northern and western samples having the highest amount of EHG ancestry.
In terms of haplogroups, all of the mesolithic SHG samples were found to be Y-DNA I2 and mtdna U, indicating that most of the mixing was between EHG females and WHG males. Only one SHG sample was found to be R1b. This sample (VK531) is an interesting one. Dated to around 2,400 BC it is the youngest sample with a fully mesolithic-European genetic profile. It’s also the oldest sample of R1b in Scandinavia that we’ve found so far
As mentioned in my last post, Scandinavia was also home to a mixed WHG-EHG population during the mesolithic.
After the last glacial maximum ended, WHG’s of the Villabruna cluster migrated north into Scandinavia. Later, EHG’s migrated along the northern coast down into Norway and then into Sweden, mixing with the WHG’s as they went. This migration route is reflected in the genetic data, with northern and western samples having the highest amount of EHG ancestry.
In terms of haplogroups, all of the mesolithic SHG samples were found to be Y-DNA I2 and mtdna U, indicating that most of the mixing was between EHG females and WHG males. Only one SHG sample was found to be R1b. This sample (VK531) is an interesting one. Dated to around 2,400 BC it is the youngest sample with a fully mesolithic-European genetic profile. It’s also the oldest sample of R1b in Scandinavia that we’ve found so far
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The location where the VK531 sample was found. He is evidence of a late survival of hunter gatherer DNA in the far north of Europe. It’s possible they survived long enough to come into contact with early Sámi migrants, which could explain the high amount of mesolithic European DNA in modern Sámi
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Forwarded from Genos Historia (Samuel Andrews)
New blog post by Davidski on what the HARVARD LAB got wrong about the origins of the Khvalnksy culture.
Dear David, Nick, Iosif...let's set the record straight
https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2023/01/dear-david-nick-iosiflets-set-record.html
*Btw, the men he is referring to in the noscript are Harvard scientists. He is directing this blog post to them.
Dear David, Nick, Iosif...let's set the record straight
https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2023/01/dear-david-nick-iosiflets-set-record.html
*Btw, the men he is referring to in the noscript are Harvard scientists. He is directing this blog post to them.
Blogspot
Dear David, Nick, Iosif...let's set the record straight
Almost a decade ago, scientists at the David Reich Lab extracted DNA from the remains of three men from the Khvalynsk II Eneolithic cemetery...
Below are simple but very reliable models for Khvalynsk. They were mostly a 50/50 mix of south migrating EHG’s and Progress eneolithic from the southern steppe region
Chart showing the relationship between early Eurasian samples from before 30,000 years ago
The most interesting aspect is how the Salkhit sample from modern Mongolia shares some DNA with the Yana RHS samples (Ancient North Siberians)
Given the age of the Salkhit sample, this means early West Eurasians were in Eastern Siberia at least 34,000 years ago. In fact, some studies suggest they were there as early as 38,000 years ago
This would also indicate the West Eurasian component in ANS (and later ANE) is Aurignacian in origin, rather than Gravettian
Source for the chart: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346575040_Denisovan_ancestry_and_population_history_of_early_East_Asians
The most interesting aspect is how the Salkhit sample from modern Mongolia shares some DNA with the Yana RHS samples (Ancient North Siberians)
Given the age of the Salkhit sample, this means early West Eurasians were in Eastern Siberia at least 34,000 years ago. In fact, some studies suggest they were there as early as 38,000 years ago
This would also indicate the West Eurasian component in ANS (and later ANE) is Aurignacian in origin, rather than Gravettian
Source for the chart: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346575040_Denisovan_ancestry_and_population_history_of_early_East_Asians
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The Bolshoy Oleny Ostrov samples from off the northern coast of the Kola Peninsula are quite interesting. They are dated to around 1,500 BC and represent the earliest known example of Siberian ancestry and Y-DNA N1 in Northern Europe.
This group seems to have left no genetic impact on modern people of the region. Later Siberian migrants, who brought the Finnic languages to Europe, would replace them during the Iron Age
This group seems to have left no genetic impact on modern people of the region. Later Siberian migrants, who brought the Finnic languages to Europe, would replace them during the Iron Age
They were genetically closest to modern West Siberians, but still quite distant due to having higher ANE-rich ancestry (WSHG + EHG) and slight Bronze Age Eastern European admixture