Chart showing the relationship between early Eurasian samples from before 30,000 years ago
The most interesting aspect is how the Salkhit sample from modern Mongolia shares some DNA with the Yana RHS samples (Ancient North Siberians)
Given the age of the Salkhit sample, this means early West Eurasians were in Eastern Siberia at least 34,000 years ago. In fact, some studies suggest they were there as early as 38,000 years ago
This would also indicate the West Eurasian component in ANS (and later ANE) is Aurignacian in origin, rather than Gravettian
Source for the chart: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346575040_Denisovan_ancestry_and_population_history_of_early_East_Asians
The most interesting aspect is how the Salkhit sample from modern Mongolia shares some DNA with the Yana RHS samples (Ancient North Siberians)
Given the age of the Salkhit sample, this means early West Eurasians were in Eastern Siberia at least 34,000 years ago. In fact, some studies suggest they were there as early as 38,000 years ago
This would also indicate the West Eurasian component in ANS (and later ANE) is Aurignacian in origin, rather than Gravettian
Source for the chart: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346575040_Denisovan_ancestry_and_population_history_of_early_East_Asians
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The Bolshoy Oleny Ostrov samples from off the northern coast of the Kola Peninsula are quite interesting. They are dated to around 1,500 BC and represent the earliest known example of Siberian ancestry and Y-DNA N1 in Northern Europe.
This group seems to have left no genetic impact on modern people of the region. Later Siberian migrants, who brought the Finnic languages to Europe, would replace them during the Iron Age
This group seems to have left no genetic impact on modern people of the region. Later Siberian migrants, who brought the Finnic languages to Europe, would replace them during the Iron Age
They were genetically closest to modern West Siberians, but still quite distant due to having higher ANE-rich ancestry (WSHG + EHG) and slight Bronze Age Eastern European admixture
Here are the results of the Levänluhta lake burial samples from Western Finland.
These are the best representatives for early Finnic speakers in Europe. Unfortunately, the soil in Finland is notoriously bad for preserving ancient DNA so we don’t have any other samples to test. We also don’t have any Y-DNA information for these samples…
They were very genetically similar to modern Sámi at a distance of 0.017
These are the best representatives for early Finnic speakers in Europe. Unfortunately, the soil in Finland is notoriously bad for preserving ancient DNA so we don’t have any other samples to test. We also don’t have any Y-DNA information for these samples…
They were very genetically similar to modern Sámi at a distance of 0.017
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Thanks to the Beaker Lady for sharing my calcs!
Apologies that I’ve been inactive here. I’m much more active over on Instagram, consider following there if you don’t already
https://instagram.com/waters_of_memory?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=
Apologies that I’ve been inactive here. I’m much more active over on Instagram, consider following there if you don’t already
https://instagram.com/waters_of_memory?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y=
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Next topic we will be discussing will be Paleolithic Europeans (Aurignacians, Gravettians, Fournol). Keep an eye out for new maps
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Reconstruction of a Proto-Gravettian from the Sunghir site. All of the samples were found to belong to Y-DNA C1a which was very common in Paleolithic Europe. This lineage was mostly erased by the later WHG expansion who completely replaced the Gravettian and Aurignacian derived groups around 10,000 ybp
(Credit to Ancestral Whispers for the recon)
(Credit to Ancestral Whispers for the recon)
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It was brought to my attention the limitations of viewing Instagram posts for people who aren’t on the platform. Going forward all posts will be shared here as well, with captions
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PALEOLITHIC EUROPEANS (1/4)
Proto-Gravettians:
The Proto-Gravettians are represented by two sites in modern day Western Russia, Sunghir and Kostenki, and one in Crimea, Buran Kaya. The samples are dated between 30-36,000 ybp and represent the ancestors to the Gravettian culture. They would eventually migrate westward and displace the Aurignacians in most of Europe. Later Gravettian samples such as Vestonice (Czechia), Krems (Austria) , and Ostuni (Italy) were found to have derived most, or all, of their ancestry from the Proto-Gravettians. This is in contrast to the earlier inhabitants of Europe who showed ancestry related to GoyetQ116-1 (Aurignacian). Like most other Paleolithic Europeans, they mostly belonged to Y-haplogroup C1a and different types of mtDNA U.
The reconstruction shown here is of Sunghir1 and dated to ~33,000 bp. He was found to have a height of 178 cm (5'10) and is likely to have been very muscular based upon wear patterns on his clavicles. Credit to Ancestral Whispers for the recon
Proto-Gravettians:
The Proto-Gravettians are represented by two sites in modern day Western Russia, Sunghir and Kostenki, and one in Crimea, Buran Kaya. The samples are dated between 30-36,000 ybp and represent the ancestors to the Gravettian culture. They would eventually migrate westward and displace the Aurignacians in most of Europe. Later Gravettian samples such as Vestonice (Czechia), Krems (Austria) , and Ostuni (Italy) were found to have derived most, or all, of their ancestry from the Proto-Gravettians. This is in contrast to the earlier inhabitants of Europe who showed ancestry related to GoyetQ116-1 (Aurignacian). Like most other Paleolithic Europeans, they mostly belonged to Y-haplogroup C1a and different types of mtDNA U.
The reconstruction shown here is of Sunghir1 and dated to ~33,000 bp. He was found to have a height of 178 cm (5'10) and is likely to have been very muscular based upon wear patterns on his clavicles. Credit to Ancestral Whispers for the recon
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Genetic distance to Cimmerians 🐴
The Cimmerians were an Eastern Iranian group that inhabited the Caspian steppe during the early Iron Age. They, like the related Scythians, were an Andronovo descended group that migrated westwards into Eastern Europe. They did so at the expense of the late Catacomb culture, who they appear to have mixed with and replaced over time. This is why they show even higher levels of Steppe ancestry than their Andronovo ancestors. Eventually they would be pushed from the steppes by westward migrating Scythians around the 720’s BC. They would migrate southwards into the Caucasus, from where they would launch several invasions of Western Asia including Urartu, Assyria, and parts of Anatolia. Despite this, they don’t appear to have mixed with the locals and remained a seperate nomadic group until they faded from history around 600 BC.
Haplogroups found among them include R1a and Q1a.
The Cimmerians were an Eastern Iranian group that inhabited the Caspian steppe during the early Iron Age. They, like the related Scythians, were an Andronovo descended group that migrated westwards into Eastern Europe. They did so at the expense of the late Catacomb culture, who they appear to have mixed with and replaced over time. This is why they show even higher levels of Steppe ancestry than their Andronovo ancestors. Eventually they would be pushed from the steppes by westward migrating Scythians around the 720’s BC. They would migrate southwards into the Caucasus, from where they would launch several invasions of Western Asia including Urartu, Assyria, and parts of Anatolia. Despite this, they don’t appear to have mixed with the locals and remained a seperate nomadic group until they faded from history around 600 BC.
Haplogroups found among them include R1a and Q1a.
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