✅ #تست_درک_مطلب شماره شانزده

A form of attribution theory developed by Bernard Weiner describes how students' beliefs about the causes of academic success or failure affect their emotions and motivations. For example, when students attribute failure to a lack of ability and ability is perceived as uncontrollable, they experience the emotion of embarrassment and consequently decrease effort and show poorer performance. In contrast, when students attribute failure to lack of effort and effort is perceived as controllable, they experience the emotion of guilt and consequently increase effort and show improved performance.
Motivational theories also explain how learners' goals affect how they engage with academic tasks. Those who have mastery goals strive to increase their ability and knowledge. Those with performance approach goals strive for high grades and seek opportunities to demonstrate their abilities.

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✅ #تست_درک_مطلب شماره هفده

The fusion of behavioral, cognitive and social elements is highly influential and was initially developed by psychologist Albert Bandura. In its earlier, neo-behavioral incarnation called social learning theory, Bandura emphasized the process of observational learning in which a learner's behavior changes as a result of observing others' behavior and its consequences. The theory identified several factors that determine whether observing a model will affect behavioral or cognitive change. These factors include the learner's development at status, the perceived prestige and competence of the model, the consequences received by the model, the relevance of the model's behaviors and consequences to the learner's goals, and the learner's self-efficacy. The concept of self–efficacy, which played an important role in later developments of the theory, refers to the learner's belief in his or her ability to perform the modelled behavior.

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✅ این سوال بسیار نکته‌بینانه‌ای هست و نیازمند این هست که به‌جای نگاه سَرسَری به جزئیات دقت فراوانی کرد. کسی از دوستان می‌تونه بگه نکته سوال چیه و چرا گزینه صحیح چیزی که در ظاهر به‌نظر می‌رسه نیست؟ 👈🏻

@zabaan_ravaan

داوطلبان گرامی این نکته خیلی مهمه دقت کنید 👈🏻
در متن گفته شده : " ادغام (fusion) عناصر رفتاری، شناختی و اجتماعی بسیار اثرگذار هست و ابتدا توسط آلبرت بندورا توسعه داد شد".
❌ نگفته خودِ عناصر رفتاری، شناختی و اجتماعی توسط بندورا توسعه داده شدند. بنابراین گزینه 2 که در نگاه اول درست به نظر می‌رسه غلط هست.
قاعدتا بندورا که نمی‌توانسته همه این عناصر را توسعه داده باشه بلکه اون کسی بود که اون‌ها را ادغام کرد.
✅ بنابراین گزینه 3 صحیح هست که به این موضوع اشاره کرده بندورا کسی بود که این عناصر را ترکیب (integrate) کرد.
❌ گزینه 1 هم نادرست هست، مجددا به همان دلیل چراکه در متن گفته شده ادغام (fusion) اون‌ها بسیار اثرگذار هست نه اینکه خودشان اثرگذار هستند. همچنین در گزینه 1 از society یا جامعه نام برده و گفته این عناصر در جامعه اثرگذار هستند ولی در متن ما هیچ‌جایی از جامعه یا society سخن نگفتیم.

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✅ #تست_درک_مطلب شماره هجده

An experiment by Schunk and Hanson, that studied grade 2 students who had previously experienced difficulty in learning subtraction. One group of students observed a subtraction demonstration by a teacher and then participated in an instructional program on subtraction. A second group observed other grade 2 students performing the same subtraction procedures and then participated in the same instructional program. The students who observed peer models scored higher on a subtraction post-test and also reported greater confidence in their subtraction ability. The results were interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that perceived similarity of the model to the learner increases self efficacy. It is supposed that peer modeling is particularly effective for students who have low self–efficacy.Over the last decade, much research activity in educational psychology has focused on developing theories of self-regulated learning (SRL) and meta- cognition. These theories work from the central premise that effective learners are active agents who construct knowledge by setting goals, analyzing tasks, planning strategies and monitoring their understanding. Research has indicated that learners who are better at goal setting and self–monitoring tend to have greater intrinsic task interest and self–efficacy.

@PsyEngAcademy

👈🏻 اصلاح می‌کنیم این سوال به نحوی استنباطی هست. اگرچه در کل مرز مشخصی بین سوالات حقایق متن و استنباطی وجود ندارد.
در سوالات استنباطی عموما از افعالی مانند infer، conclude، understand, imply استفاده می‌شود تا بگوید جواب درست چیزی است که به طور ضمنی اشاره شده ولی لزوما همیشه این موضوع صادق نیست.

✅ #تست_درک_مطلب شماره نوزده

Factor analysis is a statistical technique which can evaluate dimensions underlying correlations. Thus a factor analytic test measures a dimension. The best-known examples of these are Cattell's 16PF test, Eysenck's EPQ and the Personality Inventories constructed by Guilford. Personality inventories are reliable and reasonably valid, and have been found useful in industrial and educational psychology for guidance and selection. From these nomothetic tests two variables stand clear: extraversion and anxiety.

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جلسه دوازدهم - زبان تخصصی (خانم گل محمدی) (اختصاصی تست‌زنی)
پارت اول

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جلسه دوازدهم - زبان تخصصی (خانم گل محمدی) (اختصاصی تست‌زنی)
پارت دوم

@PsyEngAcademy