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And when a person declares a unanimously agreed unlawful matter to be lawful or a unanimously agreed lawful matter to be unlawful or baddala ʿl-Sharʿ (ie: replaced the Sharīʿah) - that [from it] which is agreed upon - he is a kāfir, an apostate by agreement of al-fuqahāʾ (ie: the jurists).
وَالْإِنْسَانُ مَتَى حَلَّلَ الْحَرَامَ - الْمُجْمَعَ عَلَيْهِ - أَوْ حَرَّمَ الْحَلَالَ - الْمُجْمَعَ عَلَيْهِ - أَوْ بَدَّلَ الشَّرْعَ - الْمُجْمَعَ عَلَيْهِ - كَانَ كَافِرًا مُرْتَدًّا بِاتِّفَاقِ الْفُقَهَاءِ.

And it is with regards to the likes of this that the following was revealed, according to one of two opinions:
وَفِي مِثْلِ هَذَا نَزَلَ قَوْلُهُ عَلَى أَحَدِ الْقَوْلَيْنِ:

{And whoever does not rule by what Allah has revealed then they are the disbelievers} [5:44],
{وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ}

Meaning that he declares it huwá ʿl-mustaḥillu (ie: to be permissible as a matter of belief) to rule by other than what Allah has revealed.
أَيْ هُوَ الْمُسْتَحِلُّ لِلْحُكْمِ بِغَيْرِ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ

Ibn Taymiyyah, Majmūʿ al-Fatāwá 3/267
ابن تيمية، مجموع الفتاوى ٣/٢٦٧
https://shamela.ws/book/7289/1161

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
ʿUthbah b. Ḥammād al-Dimishqī reported: (Imām) Mālik b. Anas said to me:
حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ، ثَنَا أَبُو مُوسَى، ثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ.، حَدَّثَنَا عُتْبَةُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ، قَالَ: قَالَ لِيَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ:

“There are only two types of people left (in this world):
«مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ النَّاسِ إِلَّا رَجُلَيْنِ،

Those who gloat (about a blessing they have),
شَامِتٌ نِقْمَةً،

Or those who are envious of a niʿmah (ie: blessing someone else has).”
أَوْ حَاسِدٌ عَلَى نِعْمَةٍ»

https://facebook.com/ilmtest/posts/4531974496908084
And it is incumbent (upon a person) to say (the tasmiyah [ie: “bismillah”]) loudly (before feast) in order to draw attention of others over it (ie: to remind them).

وَيَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَجْهَرَ بِهَا لِيُنَبِّهَ غَيْرَهُ عَلَيْهَا

Ibn Mufliḥ, al-Ādāb al-Sharʿiyyah wa ʾl-Minah al-Marʿiyyah 3/179
ابن مفلح، الآداب الشرعية والمنح المرعية ٣/١٧٩
https://shamela.ws/book/21582/1095

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
IlmTest
Muhīb b. Salīm said he heard Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl (al-Bukhārī) say: “I have written from over a thousand Shuyūkh, and from each one of them I have recorded over ten thousand aḥadīth or more. There is not a ḥadīth except that I am fully acquainted (ie: memorized)…
(al-Bukhārī said): I used to differ with al-fuqahāʾ (ie: the jurists) of Marū (ie: a city of Khurasān), when I was a child.
وكُنْتُ أَختلِفُ إِلَى الفُقَهَاءِ بِمَرْوَ وَأَنَا صَبِيٌّ،

And if I attended (their gathering), I would be ashamed to greet them.
فَإِذَا جِئْتُ أَستحِي أَنْ أُسَلِّمَ عَلَيْهِم،

A teacher from them said to me: “How much did you write today?”
فَقَالَ لِي مُؤَدِّبٌ مِنْ أَهلِهَا: كم كتبتَ اليَوْمَ؟

I responded: “Two.”
فَقلتُ: اثْنَيْنِ،

And I intended by that for two aḥadīth.
وَأَرَدْتُ بِذَلِكَ حَدِيْثَيْنِ،

And everyone present in that gathering laughed at this (ie: at how slow he was).
فَضَحِكَ مَنْ حَضَرَ المَجْلِسَ.

So a Shaykh amongst them said: “Do not laugh, perhaps he may laugh at you one day (ie: by surpassing you).”
فَقَالَ شَيْخٌ مِنْهُم: لاَ تضحكُوا، فَلَعَلَّهُ يَضْحَكُ مِنْكُم يَوْماً!!

al-Ḏahabī, Siyar Aʿlām al-Nubalāʾ 12/401
الذهبي، سير أعلام النبلاء ١٢/٤٠١
https://shamela.ws/book/10906/8138

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
Abū Bakr (Ibn Abī Shaibah): Muʿtamar b. Sulaymān narrated to us: From his father, who said: We used to ask Anas: “Is it upon women to call the Aḏān and Iqāmah?”
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَ: نا مُعْتَمِرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: كُنَّا نَسْأَلُ أَنَسًا، هَلْ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ أَذَانٌ وَإِقَامَةٌ؟

He said: “No, and if they do so, it is only considered ḏikr.”
قَالَ: «لَا، وَإِنْ فَعَلْنَ فَهُوَ ذِكْرٌ»

Ibn Abī Shaybah, al-Muṣannaf 1/202 #2317
إبن أبي شيبة، مصنف ١/٢٠٢ #٢٣١٧
https://shamela.ws/book/9944/2591

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
Be aware that deviating from the path of Islām is in two ways:
واعلم أن الخروج من الطريق على وجهين؛

One of them is when a man deviates from the path but with a desire of truth (in his deviation), such will never be followed upon his deviation because he is destroyed.
أما أحدهما: فرجل زل عن الطريق، وهو لا يريد إلا الخير، فلا يُقتدى بزلته، فإنه هالك،

The other is he who antagonizes the truth and opposes those who have gone before him among the pious (scholars), such should be regarded as astray as ḍāl muḍīl (ie: well as leading others astray);
وآخر عاند الحق وخالف من كان قبله من المتقين، فهو ضال مضل

He is also a block-headed devil for this ummah.
شيطان مريد في هذه الأمة،

It is proper for whoever knows his affairs that he should warn the people (Muslims) about him, and that he reveal his matter to them lest someone should unknowingly fall into his heresies.
حقيق على من يعرفه أن يحذر الناس منه، ويبين لهم قصته؛ لئلا يقع أحد في بدعته فيهلك.

al-Barbahārī, Sharḥ al-Sunnah 1/38 #7
البربهاري، شرح السنة ١/٣٨ #٧
https://shamela.ws/book/8601/5

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
al-Shiblī said: I was in a caravan in Syria and it was hijacked by Bedouins, so they took it and handed it over to their Āmir (ie: leader).
وحكي عن ابن سمعون قال: سمعت الشبلي يقول: كنت في قافلة بالشام فخرج الأعراب فأخذوها وجعلوا يعرضونها على أميرهم.

They opened a bag and found sugar and almonds. They all started eating, except their Āmir.
فخرج جراب فيه سكر ولوز فأكلوا منه والأمير لا يأكل

I asked their leader: “Why are you not eating?”
فقلت له لم لا تأكل؟

Their leader replied: “I am fasting”.
فقال: أنا صائم

I said: “You block roads, you steal from people, you kill people and you are fasting?”
فقلت: تقطع الطريق وتأخذ الأموال وتقتل النفس وأنت صائم؟!

He said: “O shaykh, we should always keep some ways of reconciliation (with Allah) open.”
فقال: يا شيخ! أجعل للصلح موضعا.

So after a while, I saw this person doing Ṭawāf around the Kaʿbah! (ie: he had become pious and left looting).
فلما كان بعد حين رأيته يطوف حول البيت وهو محرم كالشن البالي

I said: “You are that same person!”
فقلت: أنت ذاك الرجل؟.

He said: “My fasting led me to this maqām (ie: Allah guided through my fasting).”
فقال: ذاك الصوم بلغ بي هذا المقام.

Ibn al-Qūdāmah al-Maqdisī, al-Tawābīn 1/163
ابن قدامة المقدسي، التوابين ١/١٦٣
https://shamela.ws/book/11317/248

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It is not permissible to pay Zakāt al-fīṭr with money because the legislative evidence shows the obligation of paying it with food.

ولا يجوز إخراج زكاة الفطر نقودا؛ لأن الأدلة الشرعية قد دلت على وجوب إخراجها طعاما

al-Lajnah ʾl-Dāʾimah, Fatāwá al-Lajnah al-Dāʾimah - 1 9/379
اللجنة الدائمة للبحوث العلمية والإفتاء، فتاوى اللجنة الدائمة - 1 ٩/٣٧٩
https://shamela.ws/book/8381/6774

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
IlmTest
(al-Bukhārī said): I used to differ with al-fuqahāʾ (ie: the jurists) of Marū (ie: a city of Khurasān), when I was a child. وكُنْتُ أَختلِفُ إِلَى الفُقَهَاءِ بِمَرْوَ وَأَنَا صَبِيٌّ، And if I attended (their gathering), I would be ashamed to greet them.…
There is no doubt that al-Bukhārī and then Muslim are superior to the people of their own era and the imams of this branch of knowledge who came after them in finding out what is ṣaḥīḥ or sound and what is muʿallal or faulty.
وَالْجَوَاب عَنهُ على سَبِيل الْإِجْمَال أَن نقُول لَا ريب فِي تَقْدِيم البُخَارِيّ ثمَّ مُسلم على أهل عصرهما وَمن بعده من أَئِمَّة هَذَا الْفَنّ فِي معرفَة الصَّحِيح والمعلل فَإِنَّهُم

The scholars did not differ concerning the fact that ʿAlī b. al-Madīnī was the most knowledgeable of his peers about ʿilal al-ḥadīth (ie: faults of ḥadīth) and that al-Bukhārī learned that from him.
لَا يَخْتَلِفُونَ فِي أَن عَليّ بن الْمَدِينِيّ كَانَ أعلم أقرانه بعلل الحَدِيث وَعنهُ أَخذ البُخَارِيّ ذَلِك

Up until the point that he used to say: “I did not feel myself inferior to anyone except ʿAlī b. al-Madīnī.”
حَتَّى كَانَ يَقُول مَا استصغرت نَفسِي عِنْد أحد إِلَّا عِنْد عَليّ بن الْمَدِينِيّ

Nevertheless, when ʿAlī b. al-Madīnī heard about al-Bukhārī saying that he said: “Ignore what he says, for he has never seen anyone like himself.”
وَمَعَ ذَلِك فَكَانَ عَليّ بن الْمَدِينِيّ إِذا بلغه ذَلِك عَن البُخَارِيّ يَقُول دعوا قَوْله فَإِنَّهُ مَا رأى مثل نَفسه

Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Fatḥ al-Bārī 1/346
ابن حجر العسقلاني، فتح الباري ١/٣٤٦
https://shamela.ws/book/1673/344

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al-Maymūnī reported: Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal said: “I used to pray for the six men at the time of suḥūr, and al-Shāfīʿī, may Allah be pleased with him, is one of them.”

سمعت أحمد يقول: سمعت ابن شاهين يقول: سمعت عبد الله بن محمد بن زياد النيسابوري يقول: سمعت المَيْمونيّ يقول: سمعت أحمد بن حنبل يقول: ((ستّةٌ أَدعُو لَهُمْ بِسَحَرٍ؛ أَحدُهم الشافعي رضِيَ اللهُ عنهُ)).

Abū Ṭāhir al-Silafī, al-Ṭiwariyāt 2/268 #194
أبو طاهر السِّلَفي، الطيوريات ٢/٢٦٨ #١٩٤
https://shamela.ws/book/9634/252

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
ʿAlqamah b. Abī Waqqāṣ reported: “ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb (may Allah be pleased with him) was reciting in al-ʿIshāʾ Sūrah Yūsuf while I was in the far back rows of the prayer. Even with that, when he reached the mention of Yūsuf (ʿalayhi salām) I could hear his severe sobbing, whilst I am in the far back rows of the prayer.”

عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ يَقُولُ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَلْقَمَةُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ قَالَ: كَانَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ يَقْرَأُ فِي الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ سُورَةَ يُوسُفَ قَالَ: «وَأَنَا فِي مُؤَخَّرِ الصَّفِّ حَتَّى إِذَا ذَكَرَ يُوسُفَ سَمِعْتُ نَشِيجَهُ، وَأَنَا فِي مُؤَخَّرِ الصُّفُوفِ»

ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Ṣanʿānī, al-Muṣannaf 2/111 #2703
عبد الرزاق الصنعاني، مصنف ٢/١١١ #٢٧٠٣
https://shamela.ws/book/13174/2932

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
Bilāl b. al-Ḥārith reported that Ibn Masʿūd (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “Whoever intentionally breaks his fast in Ramaḍān without a rukhṣah (ie: legitimate excuse), then fasting the whole of his life will not even compensate him (for that day).”

حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ وَاصِلٍ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ الْيَشْكُرِيِّ، عَنْ بِلَالِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، قَالَ: «مَنْ أَفْطَرَ يَوْمًا مِنْ رَمَضَانَ مِنْ غَيْرِ رُخْصَةٍ لَمْ يُجْزِهِ صِيَامُ الدَّهْرِ كُلِّهِ»

Ibn Abī Shaybah, al-Muṣannaf 2/347 #9784
إبن أبي شيبة، مصنف ٢/٣٤٧ #٩٧٨٤
https://shamela.ws/book/9944/10885

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
It was said to the wife of al-Zubair b. Bakkār or other than him: “You are so blessed that you do not have any co-wives!”
وقيل لامرأة الزبير بن بكار أو غيره هنيئا لك إذ ليست لك ضرة

She replied: “By Allah, these books are more troublesome than many co-wives (ie: due to how it keeps her husband occupied).”
فقالت والله لهذه الكتب أضر علي من عدة ضرائر

Ibn al-Qayyim, Rawḍah al-Muḥibbīn wa Nuzhah al-Mushtāqīn 1/69
ابن القيم، روضة المحبين ونزهة المشتاقين ١/٦٩
https://shamela.ws/book/11229/66

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal said: “al-fuqahāʾ (ie: scholars of Islāmic jurisprudence) were doctors and al-muḥadīthīn (ie: scholars of ḥadīth) were pharmacists and Muḥammad b. Idrīs al-Shāfīʿī rose above them and became a doctor and pharmacist both at the same time. Our eyes had never seen anyone like him.”

قال وأنبأنا الهمذاني حدثنا محمد بن أبي زكريا حدثنا يحيى بن محمد بن صاعد قال سمعت أبا عبد الله أحمد بن حنبل يقول كان الفقهاء أطباء والمحدثون صيادلة فجاء محمد بن إدريس الشافعي طبيبا صيدلانيا ما مقلت العيون مثله أبدا

Ibn ʿAsākir, Tārīkh Dimashq 51/333
ابن عساكر، تاريخ دمشق ٥١/٣٣٣
https://shamela.ws/book/71/23977

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The last ten begin from the setting of the sun on the twentieth day.

لأن العشر الأواخر تبتدىء من غروب الشمس يوم عشرين.

Muḥammad b. Ṣāliḥ al-ʿUthaymīn, Majmūʿ al-Fatāwá wa Rasāʿil 20/170
ابن عثيمين، مجموع فتاوى ورسائل ٢٠/١٧٠
https://shamela.ws/book/12293/7959

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
al-Faraġānī said: We were in the class of ʿAbd al-Ṣamad b. al-Faḍl and the door was closed against us after which a man came and knocked at the door heavily.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْمُطَهَّرِيُّ فِي كِتَابِهِ إِلَيَّ مِنْ بَلْخٍ أَنا أَبُو حَفْصٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ مِنْ خَنَبِ الْعَدْلِ بِبُخَارَا أَنا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَمْرٍو السُّلَيْمَانِيُّ الْحَافِظُ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْفَضْلِ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ جَرِيرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْفَرَغَانِيَّ يَقُولُ كُنَّا نَسْمَعُ الْحَدِيثَ مِنْ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ بِبَلْخٍ وَكَانَ الْبَابُ مُغْلَقًا دُونَنَا فَجَاءَ إِنْسَانٌ فَقَرَعَ الْبَابَ وَأَعَنْفَ فِي الْقَرْعِ وَالدَّقِّ

ʿAbd al-Ṣamad said to one of us: “Rise and see who is there; if he is one of aṣḥāb al-rāʿī (ie: the people of opinion) let him in but if he is from aṣḥāb al-ḥadīth (ie: disciples of ḥadīth), disallow him”
فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ لِوَاحِدٍ مِنَّا قُمْ فَانْظُرْ إِنْ كَانَ هَذَا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الرَّأْيِ فَافْتَحْ لَهُ الْبَابَ وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْحَدِيثِ فَلا تَفْتَحْ لَهُ

One of those present asked him: “Is it not better we open the door for a person of ḥadīth?”
فَقَالَ لَهُ بَعْضُهُمْ أَلَيْسَ صَاحِبُ الْحَدِيثِ أَوْلَى أَنْ يُفْتَحَ لَهُ الْبَابُ

He said: “No, it befits aṣḥāb al-rāʿī because this matter here is for aṣḥāb al-ḥadīth, so why would a person of ḥadīth not come early? So it is not for aṣḥāb al-rāʿī, so they are excused for coming late.”
فَقَالَ لَا أَصْحَابُ الرَّأْيِ أَوْلَى لأَنَّ هَذَا عَمَلَ أَصْحَابِ الْحَدِيثِ فَلِمَ لَمْ يُبْكِرْ وَلَيْسَ هُوَ عَمَلُ أَصْحَابِ الرَّأْيِ فَيُعْذَرُونَ

ʿAbd al-Karīm al-Samʿānī, Ādab al-Imlāʾ 1/111
عبد الكريم السمعاني، أدب الإملاء ١/١١١
https://shamela.ws/book/6018/112

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
Ḥarb b. Surayj reported that al-Ḥasan (al-Baṣrī) said: “The night prayer is the nobility of the believer and their honor is in being free from the people's possessions (ie: begging them).”

حدثني محمد بن الحسين، حدثنا بدل بن المحبر اليربوعي، حدثنا حرب بن سريج قال: سمعت الحسن يقول: « قيام الليل شرف المؤمنين، وعزهم الاستغناء عما في أيدي الناس »

Ibn Abī ʾl-Dunyā, al-Tahajjud wa Qiyām al-Layl 1/21 #19
ابن أبي الدنيا، التهجد ١/٢١ #١٩
https://old.shamela.ws/rep.php/book/446

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
The removal of a small amount of blood, like that which is removed for a blood test, does not affect the fast.

إخراج الدم القليل كالذي يستخرج للتحليل هذا لا يؤثر على الصيام.

Ṣāliḥ b. Fawzān al-Fawzān / صالح الفوزان
https://twitter.com/salihalfawzan/status/872728069546627072

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
ʿIkrimah reported: Ibn ʿAbbās (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “I do not like to invoke all of my rights over my wife due to the saying of Allah: {And for men is a degree over them} [2:228]”

حَدَّثَنَا الأَحْمَسِيُّ، ثنا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ بَشِيرِ بْنِ سَلْمَانَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: مَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَسْتَنْظِفَ جَمِيعَ حَقِّي عَلَيْهَا، لأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: وَلِلرِّجَالِ عَلَيْهِنَّ دَرَجَةٌ

Ibn Abī Ḥātim, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAdhīm 2/417 #2198
ابن أبي حاتم، تفسير القرآن العظيم ٢/٤١٧ #٢١٩٨
https://shamela.ws/book/8658/408

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
al-Fuḍayl b. ʿIyāḍ and Asad b. al-Farrāt both said: “It came to us that the transgressors among the scholars and the bearers of the Qurʾān shall be first punished on the Day of Resurrection even before the worshippers of idols.”
وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ فُضَيْلِ بْنِ عِيَاضٍ، وَأَسَدِ بْنِ الْفُرَاتِ قَالَا: «بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ الْفَسَقَةَ مِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ وَمِنْ حَمَلَةِ الْقُرْآنِ يُبْدَأُ بِهِمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ قَبْلَ عَبَدَةِ الْأَوْثَانِ»

Fuḍayl b. ʿIyāḍ said: “This is because he that knows is not like he who does not know.”
وَقَالَ فُضَيْلُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ: «لَأَنْ مَنْ عَلِمَ لَيْسَ كَمَنْ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ»

Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Jāmiʿ Bayān al-ʿIlm wa Faḍlih 1/666 #1164
ابن عبد البر، جامع بيان العلم وفضله ١/٦٦٦ #١١٦٤
https://shamela.ws/book/22367/830

@ilmtest [https://news.1rj.ru/str/ilmtest]
ʿAmr b. Ḥabīb (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet ﷺ said: “A man is doomed and a loser (ie: there is no goodness and mercy for him) if Allah the Exalted has not placed in his heart mercy for mankind.”

«خاب عبد وخسر لم يجعل الله تعالى في قلبه رحمة للبشر».

Ḥasan

(حسن).[الدولابي في الكنى أبو نعيم في المعرفة ابن عساكر] عن عمرو بن حبيب. الصحيحة 457.

Muḥammad Nāṣir ʾl-Dīn al-Albānī, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Jāmiʿ al-Ṣaġīr 1/611 #3205
محمد ناصر الدين الألباني، صحيح الجامع الصغير وزيادته ١/٦١١ #٣٢٠٥
https://shamela.ws/book/10757/549

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